Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2018 Feb 13;142(1):86–95. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.01.032

Table 1.

Demographic, Lifestyle and Clinical Characteristics of the Three Clinical Groups.

All Rhinitis

Control Rhinitis Without Wheeze Rhinitis With Wheeze

n = 60 n = 62 n = 28 n = 34
Male gender 31 (51.67) 42 (67.74) 19 (67.86) 23 (67.65)
Presence of siblings 37 (61.67) 38 (61.29) 17 (60.71) 21 (61.76)
Caesarean delivery 10 (16.67) 14 (22.58) 5 (17.86) 9 (26.47)
Pre-term <37 weeks gestation 4 (6.67) 4 (6.45) 2 (7.14) 2 (5.88)
Intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis 18 (30.51) 22 (35.48) 5 (17.86) 17 (50.00)
Postnatal antibiotics within first year 19 (31.67) 35 (58.33) ** 14 (51.85) 21 (63.64)**
Ethnicity
    Chinese 36 (60.00) 30 (48.39)* 17 (60.71) 13 (38.24)**
    Malay 10 (16.67) 21 (33.87)* 8 (28.57) 13 (38.24)*
    Indian 8 (13.33) 11 (17.74) 3 (10.71) 8 (23.53)
Maternal history
    Any of three atopic diseases 12 (20.34) 23 (39.66)* 11 (40.74) 12 (38.71)*
    Rhinitis 6 (10.17) 13 (22.41) 4 (14.81) 9 (29.03)*
    Eczema 3 (5.08) 11 (18.97)* 7 (25.93)* 4 (12.90)
    Asthma 7 (11.86) 9 (15.52) 2 (7.41) 7 (22.58)
Paternal History
    Any of three atopic diseases 18 (30.51) 25 (43.10) 16 (59.26)* 9 (29.03)
    Rhinitis 11 (18.64) 13 (22.41) 10 (37.04)* 3 (9.68)
    Eczema 3 (5.08) 7 (12.07) 5 (18.52)* 2 (6.45)
    Asthma 8 (13.56) 10 (17.24) 4 (14.81) 6 (19.35)
Infant care attendance within first year 7 (15.56) 6 (17.65) 2 (10.53) 4 (26.67)*
Exclusive breastfeeding till month 6 10 (16.67) 8 (12.90) 7 (25.00) 1 (2.94)
Eczema symptoms 6 (10.00) 19 (30.65)** 9 (32.14)** 10 (29.41)*
Allergen sensitization
    Any of six tested allergens 4 (7.02) 13 (23.21)* 7 (28.00)* 6 (19.35)
    Egg 1 (1.75) 4 (7.14) 3 (12.00) 1 (3.23)
    Milk 0 (0.00) 3 (5.36) 1 (4.00) 2 (6.45)
    Peanut 0 (0.00) 4 (7.14) 3 (12.00)* 1 (3.23)
    Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus 3 (5.26) 10 (17.86) 6 (24.00)* 4 (12.90)
    Dermatophagoides farina 3 (5.26) 5 (8.93) 3 (12.00) 2 (6.45)
    Blomia tropicalis 0 (0.00) 2 (3.57) 2 (8.00) 0 (0.00)
*

significant at p<0.05 compared to healthy group in univariate analysis.

**

significant at p<0.01 compared to healthy group in univariate analysis.

Some variables had subjects with missing data.