Table 2.
Surgical factors and their association with postoperative delayed gastric emptying
| DGE (n = 19) | No DGE (n = 83) | P ‡ | Relative risk† | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hernia type | ||||
| Rolling | 11 (58) | 20 (24) | 0·006 | 3·15 (1·41, 7·06) |
| Sliding | 1 (5) | 13 (16) | 1·00 (reference) | |
| Mixed | 7 (37) | 50 (60) | 1·00 (reference) | |
| % stomach in hernia sac | ||||
| 100 | 4 (21) | 11 (13) | 0·437 | 1·55 (0·59, 4·03) |
| 75–99 | 7 (37) | 24 (29) | 1·00 (reference) | |
| 50–74 | 8 (42) | 48 (58) | 1·00 (reference) | |
| Bougie use | ||||
| Yes | 14 (74) | 51 (61) | 0·430 | 1·76 (0·58, 5·35) |
| No | 5 (26) | 32 (39) | 1·00 (reference) | |
| No. of hiatus repair sutures* | 5 (2–12) | 5 (2–10) | 0·664‡ | – |
| Hiatus repair location | ||||
| Anterior and posterior | 12 (63) | 28 (34) | 0·035 | 2·66 (1·14, 6·18) |
| Posterior | 7 (37) | 55 (66) | 1·00 (reference) | |
| Mesh use | ||||
| Yes | 11 (58) | 55 (66) | 0·596 | 0·70 (0·25, 1·94) |
| No | 8 (42) | 28 (34) | 1·00 (reference) | |
| Mesh anchorage | ||||
| Tacker | 9 (82) | 50 (91) | 0·330 | 0·53 (0·14, 1·99) |
| Glue | 2 (18) | 3 (5) | 1·00 (reference) | |
| Sutures | 0 (0) | 2 (4) | 1·00 (reference) | |
| Sac excision | ||||
| Yes | 9 (47) | 13 (16) | 0·002 | 4·85 (1·65, 14·24) |
| No | 10 (53) | 70 (84) | 1·00 (reference) | |
| Short gastric vessels | ||||
| Divided | 8 (42) | 8 (10) | 0·002 | 6·82 (2·12, 21·90) |
| Preserved | 11 (58) | 75 (90) | 1·00 (reference) | |
| Fundoplication type | ||||
| 360° Nissen | 1 (5) | 1 (1) | ||
| 0·003 | 3·64 (1·72, 7·68) | |||
| 270°Toupet | 7 (37) | 8 (10) | ||
| 180° anterior | 7 (37) | 50 (60) | ||
| 1·00 (reference) | ||||
| 90° anterior | 4 (21) | 24 (29) | ||
| Intraoperative complications | ||||
| Yes | 6 (32) | 16 (19) | 0·352 | 1·68 (0·72, 3·91) |
| No | 13 (68) | 67 (81) | 1·00 (reference) | |
| Duration of surgery (min)* | 112·5 (35–200) | 107·5 (45–390) | 0·731§ | – |
| Operation difficulty score* | 6 (2–9) | 5 (2–10) | 0·102§ | – |
| Acute revisional surgery | ||||
| Yes | 5 (26) | 4 (5) | 0·011 | 3·69 (1·73, 7·87) |
| No | 14 (74) | 79 (95) | 1·00 (reference) | |
| Postoperative complications | ||||
| Yes | 7 (37) | 15 (18) | 0·118 | 2·64 (0·89, 7·84) |
| No | 12 (63) | 68 (82) | 1·00 (reference) | |
| Duration of hospital stay (days)* | 5 (2–30) | 3 (1–43) | 0·001§ | – |
| Reherniation at 1 year | ||||
| Yes | 3 (16) | 34 (41) | 0·062 | 1·22 (1·01, 1·46) |
| No | 16 (84) | 49 (59) | 1·00 (reference) |
Values in parentheses are percentages unless indicated otherwise; values are
*
median (range) and
†
95 per cent confidence intervals.
DGE, delayed gastric emptying.
‡
Fisher's exact test, except
§
Mann–Whitney U test.