Table III.
Key findings in the EARTH Study.
| Studies on endocrine disrupting chemicals | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Study participant | EDC | Key finding | Reference |
| Women undergoing ART | DEHP | Decreased oocyte yield | Hauser et al. (2016) |
| Women undergoing ART | DEHP | Decreased probability of clinical pregnancy | Hauser et al. (2016) |
| Women undergoing ART | DEHP | Decreased probability of live birth | Hauser et al. (2016) |
| Women conceiving with ART or non-ART | DEHP | Increased pregnancy loss | Messerlian et al. (2016b) |
| Men with female partner undergoing ART | DOP and DiNP | Decreased odds of implantation | Dodge et al. (2015) |
| Men with female partner undergoing ART | DOP and DiNP | Decreased odds of live birth | Dodge et al. (2015) |
| Women undergoing ART | BPA (modification by soy) | Among women not consuming soy, BPA associated with decreased probability of implantation, clinical pregnancy and live birth | Minguez-Alarcon et al. (2016) |
| Women undergoing ART | BPA (modification by folate) | Among women consuming <400 μg food folate/day, BPA associated with decreased probability of implantation, clinical pregnancy and live birth | Chavarro et al. (2016) |
| Female EARTH Study participants | DEHP | Decreased number of antral follicles measured on Day 3 of an unstimulated cycle | Messerlian et al. (2016a) |
| Female EARTH Study participants | BPA | Decreased number of antral follicles measured on Day 3 of an unstimulated cycle | Souter et al. (2013) |
| Female EARTH Study participants | BPA | Increased maternal blood glucose levels | Chiu et al. (2017) |
| Male EARTH Study participants | DBP | Decreased sperm concentration | Hauser et al. (2006) |
| Studies on nutrition | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Study participant | Dietary factor | Key finding | Reference |
| Women undergoing ART | Folate | Increased live birth rate | Gaskins et al. (2014) |
| Women undergoing ART | Vitamin B12 | Increased live birth rate | Gaskins et al. (2015) |
| Women undergoing ART | Whole grains | Increased live birth rate | Gaskins et al. (2016) |
| Women undergoing ART | Soy product | Increased live birth rate | Vanegas et al. (2015) |
| Women undergoing ART | Vitamin D | Increased fertilization rate | Abadia et al. (2016) |
| Male EARTH Study participants | Caffeine | Decreased live birth rate | Abadia et al. (2017) |
| Male EARTH Study participants | Soy | Decreased sperm concentration | Chavarro et al. (2008) |
| Male EARTH Study participants | Saturated fats | Decreased sperm concentration | Attaman et al. (2012) |
| Male EARTH Study participants | Trans fatty acids | Decreased sperm concentration | Chavarro et al. (2011) |
| Male EARTH Study participants | Fish and omega fatty acids | Increased percent of morphologically normal sperm | Attaman et al. (2012) |
| Male EARTH Study participants | Processed meat | Decreased percent of morphologically normal sperm | Afeiche et al. (2014) |
| Male EARTH Study participants | High pesticide residue fruit and vegetables | Decreased total sperm count and decreased percent morphologically normal sperm | Chiu et al. (2015) |
| Studies on lifestyle factors | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Study participant | Lifestyle factor | Key finding | Reference |
| Women undergoing ART | Vigorous exercise | Increased live birth rate among women with normal BMI | Gaskins et al. (2016) |
| Female EARTH Study participants | Heavy lifting/moving heavy objects at work | Fewer total and mature oocytes and decreased number of antral follicles | Minguez-Alarcon et al. (2017) |
| Male EARTH Study Participants | Physical activity | Higher sperm concentration | Chavarro et al. (2010) |
| Male EARTH Study Participants | BMI | Men with BMI≥35 kg/m2: decreased total sperm count | Chavarro et al. (2010) |
EDC, Endocrine Disrupting Chemical; DEHP, di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate; DOP, Di-n-octyl phthalate; DiNP, Di-isononyl phthalate; DBP, Di-n-butyl phthalate; BPA, Bisphenol A.