Table 2.
Characteristics of Patients Who Newly Started on an Oral Anticoagulanta.
| Warfarin (n = 729) | Total TSOAs (n = 140) | P Valueb | Dabigatran (n = 13) | Rivaroxaban (n = 97) | Apixaban (n = 30) | P Valuec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male (%) | 418 (57.3) | 76 (54.3) | .52 | 10 (76.9) | 52 (53.6) | 14 (46.7) | .17 |
| Age (year) | 63 [19, 99] | 67 [20, 99] | .0002 | 60 [39, 84] | 66 [20, 93] | 72.5 [31, 99] | .03 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.7 [14.2, 69.5] | 26.7 [17.0, 49.9] | .49 | 24.4 [20.4, 33.8] | 28.3 [17.1, 49.9] | 25.7 [17.0, 40.7] | .01 |
| Scr (mg/dL) | 0.9 [0.3, 11.6] | 0.9 [0.4, 1.8] | .45 | 1.0 [0.5, 1.7] | 0.9 [0.4, 1.8] | 0.9 [0.4, 1.8] | .91 |
| CrCl (mL/min) | 73.7 [6.6, 120.0] | 69.6 [14.2, 120.0] | .69 | 96.8 [37.3, 118.5] | 70.3 [22.4, 120.0] | 59.3 [14.2, 120.0] | .21 |
| CrCl category | .73 | .52 | |||||
| ≥50 | 454 (62.3) | 102 (72.9) | 11 (84.6) | 72 (74.2) | 19 (63.3) | ||
| ≥30 and <50 | 111 (15.2) | 24 (17.1) | 2 (15.4) | 16 (16.5) | 6 (20.0) | ||
| ≥15 and <30d | 57 (7.8) | 11 (7.9) | 0 (0) | 8 (8.3) | 3 (10.0) | ||
| <15 | 15 (2.1) | 1 (2.1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (3.3) | ||
| NA | 92 (12.6) | 2 (1.4) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.0) | 1 (3.3) | ||
| Dialysis | 30 (4.1) | 1 (0.7) | .05 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (3.3) | .30 |
| Comorbidities | |||||||
| AF | 218 (29.9) | 115 (82.1) | <.0001 | 11 (84.6) | 74 (76.3) | 30 (100) | .004 |
| CHADS2 scoree | 2 [0, 6] | 1 [0, 5] | <.0001 | 1 [0,4] | 1 [0,5] | 2 [0,5] | .12 |
| Stroke or TIA | 66 (9.1) | 15 (10.7) | NA | 2 (18.2) | 6 (8.1) | 7 (23.3) | NA |
| CAD/MI history | 62 (8.5) | 28 (20.0) | NA | 3 (27.3) | 16 (21.6) | 9 (30.0) | NA |
| Peptic ulcer | 12 (1.6) | 6 (4.3) | .05 | 1 (7.7) | 2 (2.1) | 3 (10.0) | .08 |
| GERD | 63 (8.6) | 12 (8.6) | 1.0 | 0 (0) | 9 (9.3) | 3 (10.0) | .78 |
| Any bleeding | 96 (13.1) | 15 (10.7) | .49 | 0 (0) | 11 (11.3) | 4 (13.3) | .50 |
| ICH/SAH/SDH | 25 (3.4) | 3 (2.1) | .60 | 0 (0) | 2 (2.1) | 1 (3.3) | .67 |
| GIB | 40 (5.5) | 3 (2.1) | .13 | 0 (0) | 2 (2.1) | 1 (3.3) | .67 |
| Other bleeding | 32 (4.4) | 10 (7.1) | .19 | 0 (0) | 7 (7.2) | 3 (10.0) | .67 |
| Ordering pattern of OAC | |||||||
| Ordering service | |||||||
| Cardiology | 122 (16.7) | 89 (63.6) | <.0001 | 9 (69.2) | 55 (56.7) | 25 (62.5) | <.0001 |
| Noncardiology | 607 (83.3) | 51 (36.4) | 4 (30.8) | 42 (43.3) | 15 (37.5) | ||
| Indication | |||||||
| AF | 218 (29.9) | 115 (82.1) | <.0001 | 11 (84.6) | 74 (76.3) | 30 (100.0) | .004 |
| VTE treatment | 364 (49.9) | 20 (14.2) | <.0001 | 2 (15.4) | 17 (17.5) | 1 (3.3) | .13 |
| VTE prophylaxis | 12 (1.7) | 10 (7.1) | <.0001 | 0 (0) | 10 (10.3) | 0 (0) | .14 |
| Prosthetic heart valve replacementf | 74 (10.2) | 6 (4.3) | .03 | 0 (0) | 3 (3.1) | 3 (10.0) | .21 |
| Other | 130 (17.8) | 3 (2.1) | <.0001 | 1 (7.7) | 1 (1.0) | 1 (3.3) | .13 |
| Concomitant drug | |||||||
| Aspiring | 237 (32.5) | 36 (25.7) | .14 | 5 (38.5) | 19 (19.6) | 12 (40.0) | .04 |
| P2Y12 antagonisth | 30 (4.1) | 7 (5.0) | .65 | 1 (7.7) | 4 (4.1) | 2 (6.7) | .54 |
| DAPT | 20 (2.7) | 3 (2.1) | 1.0 | 1 (7.7) | 1 (1.0) | 1 (3.3) | .13 |
| NSAID | 13 (1.8) | 15 (10.7) | <.0001 | 0 (0) | 13 (13.4) | 2 (6.7) | .41 |
| Amiodaronei | NA | 13 (9.3) | 1 (7.7) | 5 (5.2) | 7 (23.3) | .01 | |
| Dronedaronei | NA | 2 (1.4) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.0) | 1 (3.3) | .52 | |
Abbreviations: AF, atrial fibrillation; BMI, body mass index; CAD, coronary artery disease; CrCl, creatinine clearance; DAPT, dual antiplatelet therapy; GERD, gastroesophageal reflux disease; GIB, gastrointestinal bleeding; ICH, intracerebral hemorrhage; MI, myocardial infarction; NA, not available; NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; OAC, oral anticoagulants; SAH, subarachinoid hemorrhage; Scr, serum creatinine; SDH, subdural hemorrhage; TIA, transient ischemic attack; TSOA, target-specific oral anticoagulants; VHD, valvular heart disease; VTE, venous thromboembolism.
Data are expressed as number (%) or median [range] unless specified.
Comparison between warfarin and TSOAs.
Comparison among the 3 TSOAs.
Three patients in apixaban group has CrCl ≥25 and <30 mL/min.
CHADS2 risk score ranged from 0 to 6. Higher score indicates higher risk of stroke or thromboembolism.
All 6 patients in TSOA groups received bioprosthetic valve replacement.
All patients took aspirin 81 mg daily except for 2 patients in rivaroxaban group who took aspirin 325 mg daily.
Ticlopidine, clopidogrel, prasugrel, and ticagrelor.
Warfarin orders were excluded.