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. 2018 Apr 7;265(6):1381–1392. doi: 10.1007/s00415-018-8850-7

Table 2.

Cognitive trajectories in mutation carriers (converters, non-converters) and healthy controls

Domain test Healthy controls (n = 39) MAPT mutation carriers (n = 15) GRN mutation carriers (n = 31)
Baseline β p Baseline β p Baseline β p
Language 0.0 ± 0.6 0.000 0.931 0.2 ± 0.6 − 0.010 0.002 0.1 ± 0.7 0.004 0.121
BNT 53.4 ± 4.5 0.026 0.105 52.6 ± 5.3 − 0.080 0.005 55.1 ± 3.7 0.006 0.786
SAT 27.8 ± 1.1 − 0.003 0.604 27.9 ± 1.5 − 0.008 0.604 27.5 ± 2.0 0.019 0.033 a
ScreeLing phonology 23.5 ± 0.8 0.001 0.733 23.9 ± 0.3 − 0.005 0.190 23.8 ± 0.5 − 0.001 0.863
Categorical fluency 23.9 ± 4.9 0.026 0.141 26.5 ± 6.6 − 0.087 0.006 23.4 ± 5.7 0.021 0.424
Attention and processing speed 0.0 ± 0.8 − 0.001 0.084 0.3 ± 0.6 − 0.003 0.096 0.1 ± 0.9 − 0.003 0.075
TMT part Ac 31.8 ± 15.0 − 0.022 0.416 26.1 ± 9.7 0.065 0.192 31.4 ± 12.2 0.060 0.145
Stroop card Ic 47.1 ± 8.0 0.039 0.011 43.2 ± 8.8 − 0.017 0.529 45.0 ± 8.4 − 0.001 0.951
Stroop card IIc 58.5 ± 10.6 0.012 0.539 54.9 ± 8.5 0.027 0.470 60.2 ± 13.2 0.001 0.969
Digit Span forwards 8.7 ± 1.9 0.001 0.871 9.0 ± 2.6 − 0.010 0.294 9.4 ± 2.4 − 0.016 0.055
LDST 34.5 ± 6.8 0.001 0.894 34.2 ± 4.7 − 0.636 0.699 33.2 ± 7.4 0.005 0.798
Executive function 0.0 ± 0.7 0.001 0.505 0.3 ± 0.6 − 0.005 0.065 0.2 ± 0.8 − 0.004 0.052
TMT part Bc 67.8 ± 29.3 0.052 0.494 61.0 ± 28.5 0.079 0.570 72.2 ± 42.7 − 0.099 0.390
Stroop card IIIc 93.7 ± 22.6 − 0.087 0.021 83.8 ± 14.7 0.141 0.042 96.6 ± 26.2 0.013 0.815
Digit span backwards 6.1 ± 2.0 0.008 0.194 6.6 ± 1.8 0.002 0.877 6.6 ± 2.1 − 0.011 0.222
WCST concepts 5.5 ± 0.9 0.002 0.592 5.6 ± 1.1 − 0.009 0.296 5.80 ± 0.6 − 0.010 0.144
Letter fluency 32.1 ± 9.9 0.134 < 0.001b 36.1 ± 14.3 − 0.108 0.049 38.9 ± 12.0 − 0.062 0.173
Similarities 24.8 ± 4.7 0.006 0.645 25.5 ± 4.7 − 0.034 0.122 26.2 ± 5.0 − 0.011 0.556
Social cognition 0.0 ± 0.8 0.000 0.878 0.2 ± 0.7 − 0.009 0.007 0.3 ± 0.7 − 0.003 0.332
Happé ToM 11.8 ± 3.4 0.013 0.172 12.6 ± 3.7 − 0.044 0.011 12.9 ± 2.9 − 0.005 0.707
Happé non-Tom 11.7 ± 2.9 0.020 0.013 12.4 ± 2.8 − 0.036 0.017 13.0 ± 2.6 − 0.012 0.331
Ekman faces 45.7 ± 6.4 0.038 0.009 47.0 ± 5.5 − 0.028 0.293 47.10 ± 5.5 − 0.013 0.548
Memory 0.0 ± 0.7 0.000 0.848 0.1 ± 1.3 − 0.017 < 0.001b 0.1 ± 0.9 − 0.001 0.745
VAT 11.8 ± 0.6 0.001 0.740 11.4 ± 1.6 − 0.012 0.019 11.5 ± 0.9 0.000 0.926
RAVLT imm. recall 42.6 ± 9.8 0.157 < 0.001b 47.5 ± 9.7 − 0.076 0.090 46.3 ± 10.6 − 0.015 0.686
RAVLT del. recall 8.4 ± 3.2 0.050 < 0.001b 9.7 ± 3.9 − 0.048 < 0.001a,b 9.4 ± 3.3 − 0.000 0.983
RAVLT recognition 28.6 ± 2.1 0.014 0.127 29.0 ± 2.0 − 0.022 0.176 29.2 ± 1.2 − 0.009 0.505
Visuoconstruction 0.0 ± 0.8 − 0.001 0.656 − 0.2 ± 0.7 − 0.005 0.266 0.0 ± 1.0 0.000 0.963
Block design 36.5 ± 14.0 0.034 0.305 35.5 ± 20.8 − 0.006 0.917 39.3 ± 18.5 − 1.164 0.246
Clock drawing 12.6 ± 1.4 0.003 0.453 12.2 ± 1.3 − 0.009 0.284 12.4 ± 1.8 0.005 0.475

Values indicate: mean ± standard deviation; β represents estimate of change over time. Composite domain scores are z-scores, individual test scores are raw scores. Composite domain scores are expressed as z-scores, the individual test scores are raw scores. p values represent comparisons to healthy controls. Significant comparisons are displayed in bold

MAPT microtubule-associated protein tau, GRN progranulin, BNT Boston Naming Test, SAT semantic association test, TMT Trail making Test, WAIS Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, LDST letter digit substitution test, WCST Wisconsin card sorting test, ToM theory of mind, VAT visual association test, RAVLT Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, imm immediate, del delayed

aRemained significant after excluding converters from the analyses

bSurvived Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons

cHigher scores and β weights indicate worse performance