Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of 645 participants by quartiles of the HF1 distribution
| Characteristic |
Categories of the Urinary HF1 Biomarker |
P | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Limits, Score | <−1.623 | −1.623 to −1.047 | −1.046 to −0.445 | >−0.445 | |
| Number of subjects (%) | |||||
| All patients in category | 162 | 161 | 161 | 161 | |
| Women | 83 (51.2) | 84 (52.2) | 85 (52.8) | 74 (46.0) | .60 |
| Smokers | 40 (24.7) | 33 (20.5) | 22 (13.7) | 26 (16.2) | .057 |
| Drinking alcohol | 60 (37.0) | 57 (35.4) | 61 (37.9) | 60 (37.3) | .60 |
| Hypertension | 44 (27.2) | 60 (37.3) | 62 (38.5) | 102 (63.4)§ | <.0001 |
| Antihypertensive treatment | 18 (11.1) | 27 (16.8) | 38 (23.6) | 77 (47.8)§ | <.0001 |
| Body mass index ≥25 kg/m2 | 81 (50.0) | 95 (59.0) | 99 (61.5) | 125 (77.6) | <.0001 |
| Abdominal obesity | 122 (75.3) | 131 (81.4) | 126 (78.3) | 133 (82.6) | .37 |
| History of coronary heart disease | 3 (1.9) | 10 (6.2)∗ | 7 (4.4) | 14 (8.7) | .043 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 2 (1.2) | 0 | 4 (2.5)∗ | 12 (7.5)∗ | .0003 |
| Mean of characteristic | |||||
| Age, y | 44.0 ± 14.0 | 49.9 ± 14.2‡ | 52.0 ± 13.5 | 57.5 ± 13.9‡ | <.0001 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 25.3 ± 3.7 | 26.2 ± 3.7∗ | 26.4 ± 4.5 | 28.3 ± 5.0‡ | <.0001 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 101.7 ± 7.8 | 102.9 ± 7.4 | 103.1 ± 9.9 | 106.2 ± 10.3† | <.0001 |
| Energy spent in physical activity, Kcal | 1725 (1300–2108) | 1788 (1400–2221) | 1781 (1367–2207) | 1809 (1411–2200) | .60 |
| Blood pressure | |||||
| Systolic pressure, mm Hg | 125.2 ± 14.0 | 128.4 ± 18.9 | 128.1 ± 16.1 | 133.3 ± 17.2† | .0003 |
| Diastolic pressure, mm Hg | 78.6 ± 8.8 | 79.6 ± 9.9 | 80.1 ± 9.2 | 81.0 ± 9.4 | .13 |
| Heart rate, beats per minute | 60.2 ± 9.1 | 60.3 ± 9.6 | 60.0 ± 9.8 | 59.8 ± 10.6 | .97 |
| Biochemical data | |||||
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 5.22 ± 1.51 | 5.45 ± 1.10 | 5.29 ± 0.95 | 5.29 ± 0.97 | .36 |
| Plasma glucose, mmol/L | 4.83 ± 0.52 | 4.83 ± 0.43 | 4.92 ± 0.66 | 5.10 ± 1.23 | .004 |
| Serum creatinine, μmol/L | 81.8 ± 13.4 | 83.4 ± 12.9 | 83.5 ± 13.0 | 88.1 ± 21.1∗ | .002 |
| eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m2 | 87.5 ± 14.9 | 82.1 ± 16.5† | 80.6 ± 13.8 | 75.8 ± 16.3† | <.0001 |
| 24-h microalbuminuria, mg | 5.29 (3.89–6.59) | 5.73 (3.79–7.10) | 5.83 (4.39–7.35) | 6.38 (4.30–7.91) | .12 |
| CITP, μg/L | 5.44 ± 1.62 | 5.30 ± 1.80 | 5.63 ± 2.00 | 5.82 ± 2.56 | .13 |
| TIMP-I, ng/mL | 603 ± 154 | 670 ± 192‡ | 679 ± 154 | 730 ± 224∗ | <.0001 |
| NT-proBNP, pmol/L | 212 (158–284) | 199 (143–288) | 217 (148–318) | 202 (130–284) | .51 |
eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate calculated according to the CKD-EPI formula; CITP, carboxyterminal telopeptide of collagen I; TIMP-I, tissue inhibitor of the matrix metalloproteinase type I; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide; SD, standard deviation.
Abdominal obesity was a waist circumference of ≥88 cm in women and ≥102 cm in men. Blood pressure was the average of five consecutive auscultatory readings. Heart rate was determined after ≥15 minutes recumbent rest. Hypertension was a blood pressure of ≥140 mm Hg systolic or ≥90 mm Hg diastolic, or use of antihypertensive drugs. CITP and TIMP-I were available in 149, 153, 155, and 150 participants of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th quartile, respectively (607 in total). NT-proBNP was measured in 144, 149, 150, and 148 participants of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th quartile, respectively (591 in total). Means are arithmetic means (SD) or geometric means (interquartile range). P values denote the significance of the differences in prevalence rates or means across quartiles of the HF1 distribution.
Significance of the difference with the adjacent lower quartile: P ≤ .05.
P ≤ .01.
P ≤ .001.
P < .0001.