Table 2.
Crude and adjusted association of current smoking among adolescents, according to socio-economic, demographic and geographic factors, in Indonesia (RISKESDAS 2013).
| Crude Odds Ratio (95% CI) | Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| Sex | ||
| Male | 89.5 (68.89–115.11) | 118.14 (91.24–152.97) |
| Female | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Age | ||
| 10–12 years | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 13–15 years | 13.54 (11.22–16.34) | 13.24 (10.82–16.19) |
| 16–18 years | 58.96 (48.96–70.99) | 72.68 (59.06–89.43) |
| Education | ||
| Incomplete elementary school | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Complete elementary school | 3.31 (3.02–3.63) | 1.16 (1.05–1.30) |
| Complete junior high school | 7.54 (6.91–8.23) | 1.14 (1.02–1.27) |
| Complete senior high school or higher | 9.58 (8.59–10.67) | 1.25 (1.08–1.44) |
| Economic status | ||
| Quintile 1 | 1.78 (1.63–1.96) | 2.49 (2.20–2.81) |
| Quintile 2 | 1.77 (1.61–1.94) | 2.26 (2.02–2.53) |
| Quintile 3 | 1.59 (1.45–1.75) | 1.71 (1.53–1.91) |
| Quintile 4 | 1.49 (1.35–1.64) | 1.60 (1.43–1.79) |
| Quintile 5 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Place of residence | ||
| Rural | 1.04 (0.98–1.11) | 0.99 (0.91–1.06) |
| Urban | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Province (by island) | ||
| Sumatra | ||
| Aceh | 1.36 (1.06–1.74) | 2.01 (1.50–2.69) |
| North Sumatra | 1.16 (0.91–1.47) | 1.51 (1.14–1.99) |
| West Sumatra | 1.47 (1.15–1.87) | 1.96 (1.47–2.61) |
| Riau | 0.97 (0.75–1.27) | 1.33 (0.97–1.82) |
| Jambi | 1.14 (0.87–1.50) | 1.45 (1.04–2.00) |
| South Sumatera | 1.54 (1.21–1.96) | 1.93 (1.45–2.58) |
| Bengkulu | 1.44 (1.09–1.90) | 1.88 (1.35–2.62) |
| Lampung | 1.13 (0.87–1.46) | 1.38 (1.02–1.87) |
| Bangka Belitung | 1.13 (0.84–1.53) | 1.91 (1.33–2.74) |
| Riau Islands | 1.55 (0.99–2.41) | 2.40 (1.38–4.17) |
| Java-Bali | ||
| DKI Jakarta | 1.27 (0.94–1.72) | 2.43 (1.70–3.47) |
| West Java | 1.63 (1.30–2.05) | 2.38 (1.82–3.12) |
| Central Java | 1.37 (1.09–1.71) | 1.82 (1.39–2.39) |
| DI Yogyakarta | 1.84 (1.35–2.52) | 2.60 (1.82–3.72) |
| East Java | 1.59 (1.27–1.99) | 2.20 (1.69–2.88) |
| Banten | 1.72 (1.33–2.23) | 2.44 (1.79–3.31) |
| Bali | 0.78 (0.58–1.04) | 1.08 (0.77–1.51) |
| Nusa Tenggara Islands | ||
| West Nusa Tenggara | 1.58 (1.23–2.04) | 2.02 (1.50–2.73) |
| East Nusa Tenggara | 1.01 (0.79–1.29) | 1.14 (0.85–1.52) |
| Kalimantan | ||
| West Kalimantan | 1.03 (0.80–1.33) | 1.26 (0.94–1.68) |
| Central Kalimantan | 0.89 (0.66–1.21) | 1.16 (0.82–1.65) |
| South Kalimantan | 1.20 (0.92–1.57) | 1.67 (1.22–2.27) |
| East Kalimantan | 0.77 (0.57–1.04) | 1.19 (0.83–1.70) |
| Sulawesi | ||
| North Sulawesi | 1.40 (1.07–1.82) | 1.88 (1.39–2.56) |
| Central Sulawesi | 1.47 (1.13–1.92) | 2.16 (1.56–3.00) |
| South Sulawesi | 1.60 (1.26–2.02) | 2.74 (2.07–3.63) |
| Southeast Sulawesi | 0.93 (0.71–1.24) | 1.15 (0.84–1.57) |
| Gorontalo | 1.59 (1.21–2.10) | 2.33 (1.66–3.27) |
| West Sulawesi | 1.09 (0.82–1.47) | 1.42 (1.00–2.02) |
| Maluku Islands | ||
| Maluku | 1.13 (0.82–1.55) | 1.29 (0.90–1.85) |
| North Maluku | 1.20 (0.90–1.60) | 1.44 (1.02–2.02) |
| Papua | ||
| West Papua | 0.97 (0.66–1.41) | 1.23 (0.79–1.92) |
| Papua | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Note; The adjusted odds ratio are adjusted for sex, age, economic status, education, place of residence and province.