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Schematic diagram demonstrating the HIV-1 Tat-mediated downregulation of miR-124 involved DNA methylation of primary miR-124-1 and primary miR-124-2 promoters. Furthermore, downregulated miR-124 regulated the MECP2-STAT3 signaling axis, leading, in turn, to increased expression of proinflammatory cytokine IL6 and ensuing microglial activation.
