Fig 2.

(A and B) Effect of pretreatment of L. acidophilus on its ability to inhibit V. colarae/ S. sonnei adherence and invasion to Caco-2 cells. ND means Not Detectable. Each value indicates the mean±SEM from three independent experiments and three replicates (n = 3). ^###p < 0.001 significantly different of L.a+V.c+Caco-2 group from V.c+Caco-2 group. ^†††p < 0.001 significant difference between L.a+S.s+Caco-2 group and S.s+Caco-2 (by unpaired two-tailed Student’s t test). L.a: Lactobacillus acidophilus, V.c: Vibrio cholerae and S.s: Shigella sonnei.