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. 2018 May 31;9:571. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00571

FIGURE 6.

FIGURE 6

Berberine fecal transplantation reduced UC by improving Treg/Th17 balance. (A,B) BBR fecal transplantation reduced body weight loss and decreased loss of colon length compared with DSS+BBR– fecal transplantation group; (C) Mice received BBR fecal transplantation had a lower DAI score compared with DSS+BBR– fecal transplantation group; (D,E) H&E staining (Arrows in red indicate mucosal necrosis, arrows in black indicate inflammatory cell infiltration; 20x) and histological colitis score showed that BBR fecal transplantation reduced mucosal necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration in colon; (F) BBR fecal transplantation increased IL-10 and decreased IL-17 levels of colon tissue homogenate compared with DSS+BBR– fecal transplantation group; (G) After BBR fecal transplantation, the relative mRNA expression of IL-10 and Foxp3 in colonic mucosa was upregulated whereas the relative mRNA expression of IL-17 and RORγT in colonic mucosa was downregulated compared with DSS+BBR– fecal transplantation group (Fold to DSS+BBR– group); (H) Flow cytometric analysis showed that BBR fecal transplantation decreased the numbers of CD4+IL17A+(a: plot; c: graph) cells and increased the numbers of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+(b: plot; d: graph) in spleen compared with DSS+BBR- fecal transplantation group. DSS–BBR–, DSS-BBR+, DSS+BBR–, DSS+BBR+ fecal transplantation group (n = 7 per group, for A–G). DSS–BBR–, DSS-BBR+, DSS+BBR–, DSS+BBR+ fecal transplantation group (n = 6 per group, H). Data are presented as mean ± SD. ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01.