Table 4. Changes in health-related quality of life variables at 24 months by study group.

	Control group	Intervention group
	Mean change (SD)	Mean change (SD)	Difference* (95% CI)	P value
Physical functioning	1.3 (25.6)	5.0 (25.7)	3.9 (0.7 to 7.0)	0.016
Bodily pain	4.5 (33.4)	3.1 (34.3)	−1.2 (−5.3 to 2.9)	0.55
Role limitation - physical	3.3 (25.4)	4.7 (26.9)	1.4 (−1.8 to 4.5)	0.40
Role limitation - emotional	3.1 (24.2)	5.9 (26.3)	2.5 (−0.6 to 5.6)	0.11
Social functioning	2.1 (25.6)	3.1 (27.0)	1.0 (−2.1 to 4.2)	0.52
Vitality	6.1 (22.1)	6.1 (21.5)	0.3 (−2.5 to 3.0)	0.85
General health	6.2 (26.5)	5.5 (27.3)	−0.7 (−4.1 to 2.7)	0.68
Mental health	5.4 (22.8)	4.6 (21.5)	−0.9 (−3.6 to 1.8)	0.50
Physical component summary	1.1 (9.1)	1.5 (9.0)	0.4 (−0.7 to 1.5)	0.46
Mental component summary	2.4 (10.4)	2.4 (10.0)	0.02 (−1.21 to 1.26)	0.97
SF-6D	0.04 (0.16)	0.05 (0.17)	0.01 (−0.01 to 0.03)	0.30

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; SD, standard deviation; SF-6D, Short Form 6 Dimension.

* Mixed-effects linear regression was used to estimate the difference in mean change between study groups.