Table 1. Costs associated with the presence of Johne’s disease.

Source of cost	£ per infected cow per year	€ per infected cow per yeara
Milk yield loss	60.57	70.73
Opportunity cost within lactation	1.36	1.59
Opportunity cost of a prolonged dry period	2.38	2.78
Herd age structure	2.26	2.64
Culling
Involuntary culling	-6.87	-8.03
Voluntary culling	51.19	59.78
Veterinary cost	2.00	2.3354
Total cost	112.89	131.82
Total cost excluding milk yield loss	52.31	61.09

^a 1.37766 average British pound to euro currency exchange rate over 2015 [43]