Table 1. Demographic and psychometric data of dyslexia and control groups.
| Group | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Measure |
Dyslexia Mean (SD) |
Range |
Control Mean (SD) |
Range | P | Cohen’s d |
| Age (in years) | 20.78 (3.21) | 18–30 | 21.5 (2.73) | 18–29 | .57 | .23 |
| Raven’s SPM | 56.42 (2.79) | 51–60 | 57.85 (1.95) | 54–60 | .12 | .59 |
| Digit spanª (combined) | 10.5 (2.47) | 7–16 | 13.64 (3.07) | 6–18 | .01 | 1.12 |
| RAN objectsª | 106.14 (18.68) | 74–129 | 118.64 (13.46) | 93–133 | .05 | 1.1 |
| RAN colorsª | 100 (13.67) | 80–120 | 111.14 (7.82) | 97–124 | .05 | .76 |
| RAN numbersª | 103.78 (12.95) | 63–113 | 114.57 (3.41) | 109–120 | .01 | 1.13 |
| RAN lettersª | 103.16 (6.35) | 85–111 | 114.57 (6.93) | 105–117 | .01 | 1.68 |
| WRMT-R WIª | 99.42 (5.57) | 92–113 | 116.50 (6.83) | 100–126 | .01 | 1.79 |
| WRMT-R WAª | 96.78 (7.83) | 87–115 | 116.5 (13.35) | 100–137 | .01 | 1.8 |
| TOWRE SA (A+B)ª | 97.78 (8.55) | 81–112 | 117.28 (6.82) | 101–127 | .01 | 2.51 |
| TOWRE PD (A+B)ª | 91.42 (7.83) | 72–112 | 113.57 (13.35) | 100–127 | .01 | 2.36 |
| Spoonerism time | 126.58 (52.98) | 13–224 | 91.5 (30.21) | 63–156 | .05 | .81 |
| Spoonerism accuracy | 8.21 (3.35) | 1–12 | 11.14 (2.10) | 4–12 | .01 | 1.04 |
ªStandard scores (whereby smaller numbers are expected for dyslexia group), other scores are raw scores. Raven scores are presented in percentiles.