. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Jun 7.

Published in final edited form as: Nat Biotechnol. 2018 Mar 6;36(3):225–227. doi: 10.1038/nbt.4099

Table 1.

Environmental exposures, associated adverse health outcomes, and target and surrogate tissues.

Exposures	Outcomes	Target	Surrogate
PM_2.5	Cardiopulmonary and Metabolic effects	Brain, Liver, Adipose tissue, Lung, Macrophages, and Heart	Blood, Skin, and Nasal epithelial cells
Lead and Arsenic	Neurodevelopmental toxicity, Metabolic effects, Cancer	Brain, Lung, Heart, Skeletal muscle, Kidney, Liver, and Adipose tissue	Blood/peripheral monocytes, Skin, and Teeth
BPA and TBT	Metabolic and Reproductive effects, Cancer	Brain, Uterus, Liver, and Placenta	Blood, Skin, Placenta, and Teeth
Dioxin	Neurodevelopmental toxicity	Brain and Liver	Blood and Skin
Phthalates	Metabolic and Reproductive effects	Brain, Kidney, and Liver/liver progenitor cells	Blood, Skin, Hair, and Teeth