Table 1.

Patient demographics and comorbidities by dry eye (DE) status (mild or greater DE symptoms, DEQ5≥6, versus no symptoms,DEQ5<6)

	No DE symptoms (n=139)	Mild or greater DE symptoms (n=94)	OR*	95% CI	p value
Demographics
Age, mean±SD	45.2±12.8	48.0±13.3	1.02	0.97–1.04	0.11
Gender, female, n (%)	90 (65%)	68 (72%)	1.42	0.80–2.52	0.23
Race
White, n (%)	101 (73%)	75 (80%)	0.83	0.42–1.65	0.59
Black, n (%)	26 (18%)	16 (17%)	0.34	0.42–1.65	0.10
Ethnicity, Hispanic, n (%)	70 (50%)	50 (53%)	0.89	0.53–1.51	0.67
Comorbidities
Diabetes, n (%)	7 (5%)	7 (7%)	1.52	0.51–4.48	0.45
Hypertension, n (%)	21 (15%)	20 (21%)	1.52	0.77–2.99	0.23
Sleep apnea, n (%)	13 (9%)	12 (13%)	1.42	0.62–3.26	0.41
Non-ocular allergies, n (%)	33 (24%)	32 (34%)	1.66	0.93–2.96	0.09
Allergic conjunctivitis, n (%)	8 (6%)	15 (16%)	3.11	1.26–7.67	0.01
Thyroid disease, n (%)	8 (6%)	9 (10%)	1.73	0.64–4.67	0.28
Soft contact lens use, n (%)	20 (14%)	24 (26%)	2.04	1.05–3.96	0.04
Rosacea, n (%)	6 (4.3%)	1 (1%)	0.24	0.03–2.01	0.19
Refractive surgery, n (%)	4 (3%)	6 (6%)	2.30	0.63–8.39	0.21
Glaucoma medications, n (%)	3 (2%)	1 (1%)	0.49	0.05–4.76	0.54
Pterygium, n (%)	0 (0%)	1 (1%)	--	--	--
Smoker, n (%)	0 (0%)	4 (4%)	--	--	--
Medications
Anxiolytic, n (%)	8 (6%)	9 (10%)	1.73	0.64–4.67	0.28
Antidepressant, n (%)	7 (5%)	8 (9%)	1.75	0.61–5.01	0.29
Antihistamine, n (%)	14 (10%)	16 (17%)	1.83	0.85–3.96	0.12
Analgesics, n (%)	14 (10%)	15 (16%)	1.70	0.78–3.70	0.19

DEQ5, dry eye questionnaire 5; n, number in each group; SD, standard deviation; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval

^*A odds ratio greater than 1 represents an increased likelihood of association; -- refers to an odds ratio with unstable estimates