A. Strategy for influenza virus (Inf A) infection and evaluation. Influenza virus was administered to mice previously challenged with A. alternata or diluent control as in Fig. 4A and evaluated on day 6. B. Neutrophils (% total leukocytes) are more prominent in nasal wash samples from wild-type mice challenged with A. alternata prior to influenza infection (150 TCID50 units in 5 μL) than those from mice challenged with diluent control; n = 5 mice per group, **p < 0.01, Mann-Whitney U-test. C. Total neutrophils in nasal wash samples from mice infected with 30 or 150 TCID50 units influenza A; n = 5 mice per group, **p < 0.01, Mann Whitney U-test. D. RNase activity detected in nasal wash fluid in response to influenza infection (500 TCID50 units); n = 5 mice per group, **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.005., 1-way ANOVA, Student’s t-test.