Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of Individuals with HD, stratified by HD group
| Variable | Premanifest (N=195) |
Early (N=190) |
Late (N=101) |
All (N=486) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years)* | ||||
| M (SD) | 42.9 (12.2) | 52.0 (12.3) | 55.5 (11.6) | 49.0 (13.2) |
| Education (# of years)* | ||||
| M (SD) | 15.9 (2.9) | 14.7 (2.8) | 14.3 (2.7) | 15.1 (2.9) |
| Gender (%) | ||||
| Female | 64.1 | 54.7 | 55.5 | 58.6 |
| Male | 35.9 | 45.3 | 44.5 | 42.4 |
| Race (%)* | ||||
| White | 97.4 | 97.4 | 94.1 | 96.7 |
| African American | 0.0 | 1.1 | 5.9 | 1.7 |
| More than One Race | 1.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.6 |
| American Indian/Alaskan Native | 0.0 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.2 |
| Other | 0.0 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 0.6 |
| Not Provided | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 |
| Ethnicity (%)* | ||||
| Not Hispanic or Latino | 92.3 | 93.2 | 97.0 | 93.6 |
| Hispanic or Latino | 1.5 | 3.7 | 1.0 | 2.3 |
| Not Provided | 6.2 | 3.2 | 2.0 | 4.1 |
| Marital Status (%)* | ||||
| Single, Never Married | 15.9 | 15.3 | 9.9 | 14.4 |
| Married | 67.7 | 54.0 | 66.3 | 62.0 |
| Separated/Divorced | 13.3 | 23.3 | 20.8 | 18.8 |
| Widowed | 0.0 | 3.2 | 3.0 | 1.9 |
| Living with Partner | 3.1 | 4.2 | 0.0 | 2.9 |
| CAG Repeats* | ||||
| M (SD) | 42.1 (2.9) | 43.0 (3.6) | 44.5 (7.1) | 42.8 (4.0) |
| Disease Burden (premanifest only)** | -- | -- | -- | |
| Low Risk (%) | 84.6 | -- | -- | -- |
| Intermediate Risk (%) | 0.0 | -- | -- | -- |
| High Risk (%) | 15.4 | -- | -- | -- |
| Time since diagnosis in years M(SD) (manifest only)* | -- | 3.5 (3.6) | 6.3 (4.5) | -- |
Note. Entries in the table represent percentage of participants unless otherwise specified;
indicates significant group differences: age, (F[2, 483] = 45.3, p<.0001), early-HD participants were older than premanifest participants and late-HD was older than early-HD; education (# of years), premanifest participants had more years of education than the other two groups (F[2, 481]= 13.1; p<.0001); race (White, African American, More than One Race, American Indian/Alaskan Native, Other, Not Provided), late-HD had more African Americans than the other two groups, the premanifest group had more mixed race participants than the other groups (Fisher’s Exact p = .0053) ; ethnicity (Not Hispanic/Latino, Hispanic/Latino, Not Provided) , more premanifest participant did not provide an ethnicity, late-HD had more Non-Hispanic/Latinos than the other two groups (Fisher’s Exact p=.0002); marital status (Single, Married, Separated/Divorced, Widowed, Living with Partner), Premanifest participants were less likely to be separated/divorced or widowed than the other two groups (χ28 = 21.9, p=.0051); and time since diagnosis (in years, manifest only), the late-HD group had approximately 3 more years since diagnosis than the early-HD group (t[135.5]= −4.7; p<.0001).
Disease burden was measured using CAP scores[54] to determine low, intermediate, or high risk of developing motor symptoms within the next 5 years.