Figure 1.

Ac-APE1/Ref-1 is secreted in response to hyperacetylation and subsequently binds to RAGE. (A) MDA-MB-231 xenografts were treated with 20 mg/(kg·day) ASA plus subcutaneous injection of 0.5 mg/kg TSA, TSA alone, or SA (as a negative control) three times weekly, and the tumor sections from each xenograft were analyzed by PLA. PLA-specific red fluorescence, representing binding signals between RAGE and secreted Ac-APE1/Ref-1 in hyperacetylated tumor sections, was observed using 3D confocal microscope. (B) Numbers of red dots on cells (n > 100) counted in five randomly selected areas (2 mm²) in each experiment. (C) Plasma levels of APE1/Ref-1 was measured by ELISA. Columns represent the mean (n = 5); bars represent the SE. *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001 versus SA-treated control cells as determined by one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s test. Similar results were observed in triplicate experiments.