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. 2018 Jun 7;8:8726. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-27034-8

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Vessel growth in two dimensions. Evolution of a vascular system with an initial capillary at the bottom and a random distribution of hypoxic cells (green circles), which drive the chemotactic response by ECs. Four time points are represented. The first row of figures correspond to the vessel network grown under the Rule 1 for hypoxic cell deactivation, while the second row of images correspond to the vessel network grown under Rule 2. On the final column the irrigated vessels are identified in red. The number of anastomoses and the number of vessels with circulating blood are much higher when Rule 1 is implemented.