Table 4.
Estimated 10-year change in education differences in functional limitations, by cohort
| Sweden | Netherlands | United Kingdom | United States | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at First Wave (birth cohort) |
Initial Difference |
Change Over 10 Years |
Initial Difference |
Change Over 10 Years |
Initial Difference |
Change Over 10 Years |
Initial Difference |
Change Over 10 Years |
| 50 | 0.259 | +0.266 | 0.821 | +0.21 | 0.812 | +0.225 | 1.347 | +0.484 |
| (1954) | [–0.00403, 0.523] | [0.137, 0.394] | [0.504, 1.137] | [0.121, 0.299] | [0.589, 1.035] | [0.221, 0.229] | [0.626, 2.067] | [0.448, 0.521] |
| 53 | 0.404 | +0.245 | 0.787 | +0.147 | 0.897 | +0.227 | 1.344 | +0.324 |
| (1951) | [0.197, 0.611] | [0.044, 0.446] | [0.573, 1.002] | [–0.004, 0.296] | [0.726, 1.068] | [0.196, 0.257] | [0.914, 1.774] | [0.255, 0.393] |
| 56 | 0.539 | +0.158 | 0.691 | +0.071 | 0.964 | +0.22 | 1.316 | +0.167 |
| (1948) | [0.338, 0.740] | [–0.035, 0.351] | [0.499, 0.884] | [–0.07, 0.211] | [0.821, 1.106] | [0.176, 0.264] | [1.059, 1.573] | [0.040, 0.294] |
| 59 | 0.630 | +0.017 | 0.538 | –0.006 | 1.005 | +0.205 | 1.264 | +0.004 |
| (1945) | [0.390, 0.870] | [–0.077, 0.111] | [0.312, 0.763] | [–0.095, 0.121] | [0.835, 1.174] | [0.181, 0.230] | [1.077, 1.451] | [–0.094, 0.102] |
| 62 | 0.648 | –0.144 | 0.343 | –0.07 | 1.013 | +0.185 | 1.182 | –0.176 |
| (1942) | [0.373, 0.923] | [–0.221, –0.068] | [0.0602, 0.625] | [–0.225, 0.085] | [0.765, 1.261] | [0.150, 0.220] | [0.982, 1.382] | [–0.231, –0.121] |
| 65 | 0.581 | –0.286 | 0.130 | –0.113 | 0.985 | +0.159 | 1.056 | –0.388 |
| (1939) | [0.254, 0.908] | [–0.512, –0.060] | [–0.248, 0.509] | [–0.491, 0.263] | [0.616, 1.355] | [0.011, 0.306] | [0.769, 1.343] | [–0.580, –0.196] |
Notes: Data are from SHARE (Sweden and Netherlands), ELSA (United Kingdom), and HRS (United States). Estimates are average marginal differences between lower- and higher-educated people in the number of functional limitations; 95 % confidence intervals are shown in brackets. Estimates are based on Model 2, Table S1 (Online Resource 1). Initial differences are predicted mean differences in the number of functional limitations at the age of first observation. Change over 10 years is calculated as a difference between predicted mean differences at initial observation and predicted mean differences 10 years later.
aIn the United Kingdom, initial ages of 50, 53, 56, 59, 62, and 65 correspond to birth cohorts 1952, 1949, 1946, 1943, 1940, and 1937, respectively.