Table 2.

Cases of confirmed PML in patients with GPA

Characteristic	Case 1	Case 2
Age, years	70	62
Sex	F	M
Country	Germany	Denmark
Date PML confirmed	July 2012	Sept. 2013
Duration of GPA, years	Not specified	8
Relevant medical history	Immunoglobulin deficiency, breast cancer, diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, and chronic stage III renal insufficiency	None reported
Prior treatments	CYC, epirubicin, 5-FU, prednisolone, and MTX	CYC, azathioprine, and high-dose glucocorticoids
Concomitant drug	Azathioprine	None reported
Rituximab treatment	Aug. 2011–March 2012 for GPA; no. of courses not specified	2011–Mar 2013 occasionally as needed for GPA; no. of courses not specified
Latency distribution (time from first rituximab infusion to PML diagnosis)	≈ 11 months from first dose and ≈ 4 months from last dose, symptoms prior to the start of rituximab	≈ 2 years from first dose and ≈ 6 months from the last dose
PML treatment	Immune apheresis to eliminate residual rituximab, cidofovir, mefloquine, and mirtazapine	Mefloquine, mirtazapine, and cytarabine
Outcome	≈ 1 year after PML diagnosis, the patient’s condition had improved; however, she continued to experience cognitive deficits and JCV was still detected in her CSF	≈ 3 months after PML diagnosis, the patient’s condition had improved

5-FU, fluorouracil; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; CYC, cyclophosphamide; F, female; GPA, granulomatosis with polyangiitis; JCV, John Cunningham polyomavirus; M, male; MTX, methotrexate; PML, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy