Table 1.
Characteristics of Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolates from vegetables in China.
| Organism and isolate (ST types)# | Source | Market/City | Resistance phenotypes | Resistance genes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| E. coli | ||||
| VS1 (ST4762) | Romaine lettuce | Farmer's market A/LiCang | AMP, MEM, CTX, CTF, CAZ, ETP, IPM, NAL, ENR*, KAN, GEN, TET, DOX, FOS, FFC | blaNDM−5, fosA3, blaCTX−M−1G, floR |
| VS2 (ST4762) | Romaine lettuce | Farmer's markets A/LiCang | AMP, MEM, CTX, CTF, CAZ, ETP, IPM, NAL, ENR*, KAN, GEN, TET, DOX, FOS, FFC | blaNDM−5, fosA3, blaCTX−M−1G, floR, oqxAB |
| VH1 (UT) | Cucumber | Farmer's market A/ LiCang | AMP, MEM, CTX, CTF, CAZ, ETP, IPM, NAL, CIP, ENR, KAN, GEN, TET, DOX, FOS, FFC | blaNDM−5, fosA3, floR, qnrB |
| VH3-1 (ST4762) | Cucumber | Supermarket F/JiMo | AMP, MEM, CTX, CTF, CAZ, ETP, IPM, NAL, ENR, KAN, TET, DOX, FOS, FFC | blaNDM−5, fosA3, blaCTX−M−1G, floR, |
| VK70 (ST167) | Curly endive | Supermarket E/ BinZhou | AMP, MEM, CTX, CTF, CAZ, ETP, IPM, NAL, CIP, ENR, LEV, STR, KAN, GEN, AMK, TET, DOX, FOS, FFC | blaNDM−5, fosA3, blaCTX−M−1G, floR, rmtB |
| C. freundii | ||||
| VK5 | Curly endive | Supermarket B/ LaiYang | AMP, MEM, CTX, CTF, CAZ, ETP, IPM, KAN, FOS, FFC | blaNDM−1, fosA3, floR, qnrB |
| VS7 | Romaine lettuce | Supermarket B/ LaiYang | AMP, MEM, CTX, CTF, CAZ, ETP, IPM, NAL, ENR*, KAN, FOS, FFC | blaNDM−1, fosA3, floR, qnrB |
| VX9 | Tomato | Supermarket C/ LaiYang | AMP, MEM, CTX, CTF, CAZ, ETP, IPM, NAL, CIP, ENR, LEV*, STR, KAN, GEN, TET, DOX, FOS, FFC | blaNDM−1, fosA3, blaCTX−M−1G, floR, qnrB |
| VK44 | Curly endive | Supermarket D/ YanTai | AMP, MEM, CTX, CTF, CAZ, ETP, IPM, NAL, ENR*, STR, KAN, GEN, AMK, TET, DOX, FOS, FFC | blaNDM−1, fosA3, floR, oqxAB, qnrB, rmtB |
| VK49 | Curly endive | Supermarket D/ YanTai | AMP, MEM, CTX, CTF, CAZ, ETP, IPM, NAL, ENR, STR, KAN, GEN, TET, DOX, FOS, FFC | blaNDM−1, fosA3, floR, qnrB |
| K. pneumoniae | ||||
| VH1-2 (ST23) | Cucumber | Farmer's market A/ LiCang | AMP, MEM, CTX, CTF, CAZ, ETP, IPM, NAL, ENR*, KAN, FOS | blaKPC−2, qnrB, oqxAB |
| VH11 (ST23) | Cucumber | Supermarket C/ LaiYang | AMP, MEM, CTX, CTF, CAZ, ETP, IPM, NAL, ENR*, KAN, FOS | blaKPC−2, blaCTX−M−1G, qnrB, oqxAB |
#
Isolates VS1 and VS2 were isolated from the same sample. Isolates VH1, and VH1-2 were from the same sample. UT, Untypable.
*
Intermediate resistance.
AMP, ampicillin; MEM, meropenem; CTX, cefotaxime; CTF, ceftiofur; CAZ, Ceftazidime; ETP, ertapenem; IPM, imipenem; NAL, nalidixic acid; CIP, ciprofloxacin; ENR, enrofloxacin; LEV, levofloxacin; STR, streptomycin; KAN, kanamycin; GEN, gentamicin; AMK, amikacin; TET, tetracycline; DOX, doxycycline; FOS, fosfomycin; FFC, florfenicol.