Table 1.
Models of Th cell-driven inflammatory bowel disease.
| Mouse model | Type of model | Th-type/s involved | Key cytokines/TFs | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DSS colitis | Chemical | Th1 (Acute) | IFN-γ, TNF, T-bet | (13, 15, 20–22) |
| Th2 (Chronic) | IL-4, IL-13, STAT6, GATA3 | |||
| Th9 | IL-9, PU.1 | |||
| TNBS colitis | Chemical | Th1 (Acute) | TNF, T-bet | (23–30) |
| Th2 (Chronic) | IL-13, GATA3 | |||
| Th9 (Acute) | IL-9, PU.1 | |||
| Th17 (Acute) | IL-17R, SMAD7 | |||
| Oxazolone | Chemical | Th2, NK-T | IL-4, IL-13 | (29, 31–35) |
| Th9 | IL-9, GATA3 | |||
| Th17 | TGF-β, SMAD7 | |||
| Anti-CD40 | Chemical (activating antibody) | Th1 | IL-12 | (36) |
| Th17 | IL-17, IL-23 | |||
| Citrobacter rodentium | Infectious | Th1 | IFN- γ | (37, 38) |
| Th17 | IL-17A, IL-17F | |||
| RAG or SCID T cell transfer model | Transfer | Th1 | IFN-γ, STAT4, T-bet | (14–16, 23, 39–41) |
| Th17 | IL-23, STAT3, SMAD2 | |||
| Abcb1an−/− | Transgenic | Th17 | IL-23 | (42) |
| Tcrα−/− | Transgenic | Th2-like | IL-4 | (43) |
| Il10/Il10r−/− | Transgenic | Th17 | IL-17, IL-23 | (44) |
Th-association was determined by induced expression in a particular model or by mechanistic studies, where cytokines/TFs were manipulated by gene deletion or blocking antibody.
Acute, acute exposure to chemical; Chronic, repeating exposure to chemical; STAT, signal transducer and activator of transcription; IL, interleukin; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; IFN, interferon; TFs, transcription factors.