Table 1.

Demographics, baseline and follow up outcome variables of study groups.

Variable	Baseline		p-value	12-Week		p-value	p-value	p-value
	Vitamin D	Placebo	Between group	Vitamin D	Placebo	Between group	Vitamin D base/12wk	Placebo base/12wk
Age (years)	15.1 (1.4)	15.3 (1.4)	0.513	n/a	n/a
Gender (% female)	86.7	64.3	0.143	n/a	n/a
Weight (kg)	101.5 (19.0)	110.5 (26.1)	0.228	n/a	n/a
Height (cm)	168.9 (7.9)	168.2 (9.4)	0.974	n/a	n/a
BMI (kg/m2)	35.4 (5.1)	38.2 (7.7)	0.211	n/a	n/a
HbA1c (%)	5.5 (0.3)	5.6 (0.3)	0.142	n/a	n/a
25(OH)D (ng/ml)	12.1 (3.8)	12.4 (3.8)	0.832	32.0 (22.0, 43.0)	13.0 (12.0, 18.0)	0.001	<0.0001	0.126
Fasting insulin (µU/ml)	18.8 (15.5, 37.1)	23.3 (17.4, 40.6)	0.809	23.5 (15.7, 38.1)	23.0 (18.4, 44.4)	0.550	0.747	0.947
Fasting glucose (mg/dl)	82.8 (9.5)	83.4 (8.2)	0.900	84.5 (7.0)	85.3 (9.4)	0.687	0.435	0.567
2 h insulin (µU/ml)	118.9 (52.0, 178.8)	111.5 (44.7, 194.1)	0.892	70.4 (67.3, 110.7)	86.6 (73.0, 108.7)	0.725	0.134	0.609
WBISI (Matsuda Index)	2.0 (1.4, 2.7)	2.4 (1.2, 2.9)	0.574	2.6 (1.3)	2.8 (1.7)	0.744	0.356	0.948
HOMA-IR	5.1 (3.2, 7.4)	4.8 (3.8, 8.5)	0.769	5.2 (2.9, 8.8)	4.6 (3.7, 10.7)	0.471	0.849	0.699
Glucose AUC (mg/dl × 120 min)	104.7 (24.6)	101.5 (16.1)	0.686	105.1 (22.5)	102.5 (18.3)	0.680	0.854	0.977
Insulin AUC (µU/ml × 120 min)	146.9 (96.4, 214.0)	141.1 (72.0, 212.2)	0.977	112.5 (75.2, 145.6)	94.6 (71.1, 181.3)	0.556	0.279	0.542
Total cholesterol (mg/dl)	154.1 (24.3)	155.9 (38.5)	0.978	151.4 (27.5)	144.4 (38.4)	0.469	0.278	0.433
HDL (mg/dl)	46.9 (10.2)	41.9 (11.7)	0.188	44.5 (11.0)	41.4 (12.5)	0.414	0.162	0.791
LDL (mg/dl)	203.3 (56.4)	219.5 (60.0)	0.639	215.3 (44.6)	240.9 (77.6)	0.274	0.531	0.094
Triglycerides (mg/dl)	72.9 (28.6)	79.9 (22.3)	0.434	69.0 (49.0, 73.0)	68.0 (52.0, 98.0)	0.462	0.408	0.950

Data are presented as frequency, mean (SD), or median (interquartile range). Bolded values indicate significant difference between groups (P ≤ 0.05).