. 2018 Jun 15;83(12):1044–1053. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.11.026

Table 1.

Results of Logistic Regression Analyses of ADHD Case Status on Comorbid Developmental Conditions, Stratified by Sex, in the Swedish Population Sample (Total N = 1,952,542)

Outcome	Sex	% of ADHD Cases With Outcome	Sex-Specific Association				ADHD by Sex Interaction
Outcome	Sex	% of ADHD Cases With Outcome	OR	LCI	UCI	p	OR	LCI	UCI	p
ASD	Male	14.82	18.91	18.33	19.50	< 2.2E-308^a	1.52	1.44	1.61	2.9E-50^a
ASD	Female	12.04	28.68	27.38	30.04	< 2.2E-308^a	1.52	1.44	1.61	2.9E-50^a
DCD	Male	1.86	17.90	16.38	19.57	< 2.2E-308^a	0.97	0.82	1.14	.71
DCD	Female	1.08	17.61	15.25	20.33	< 2.2E-308^a	0.97	0.82	1.14	.71
ID	Male	5.30	9.82	9.38	10.28	< 2.2E-308^a	1.11	1.03	1.20	.0090
ID	Female	4.89	10.89	10.23	11.60	< 2.2E-308^a	1.11	1.03	1.20	.0090
Epilepsy	Male	2.57	3.27	3.09	3.47	< 2.2E-308^a	1.08	0.99	1.19	.099
Epilepsy	Female	2.85	3.55	3.29	3.82	6.6E-238^a	1.08	0.99	1.19	.099
Congenital Malformations	Male	8.20	1.40	1.36	1.45	1.8E-109^a	1.11	1.05	1.17	2.5E-04^a
Congenital Malformations	Female	6.46	1.54	1.47	1.62	8.9E-72^a	1.11	1.05	1.17	2.5E-04^a
Chromosomal Abnormalities	Male	0.60	2.96	2.63	3.34	2.7E-70^a	0.84	0.68	1.03	.096
Chromosomal Abnormalities	Female	0.52	2.48	2.07	2.96	9.5E-24^a	0.84	0.68	1.03	.096

Sex is coded as 0 for male and 1 for female. Birth year is included as a covariate.

ADHD, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; ASD, autism spectrum disorder; DCD, developmental coordination disorder; ID, intellectual disability; LCI, lower confidence interval; OR, odds ratio; UCI, upper confidence interval.

Estimated p value below a Bonferroni-adjusted threshold for multiple testing (p < .0083).