Table 5.

Direct, indirect and total effects of family income on reading achievement.

Model pathways	Boys			Girls
	Estimated effect	95% CI		Estimated effect	95% CI
	Lower	upper	Lower	upper
DIRECT EFFECT
FI → RA	0.101*	0.018	0.184	0.038	−0.055	0.093
INDIRECT EFFECTS
FI → HM → RA	−0.001	−0.040	0.025	−0.005	−0.062	0.062
FI → LA → RA	0	−0.017	0.020	0	−0.021	0.018
FI → PCC → RA	0.023	−0.009	0.116	0.023*	0.002	0.098
FI → PCA → RA	−0.001	−0.026	0.004	0	−0.02	0.025
FI → PS → RA	0.005	−0.007	0.047	−0.001	−0.016	0.017
FI → PEX → RA	0.001	−0.018	0.015	0.002	−0.017	0.015
FI → PEX → HM → RA	0	−0.006	0.005	0.002	−0.002	0.014
FI → PEX → LA → RA	0	−0.002	0.003	0	−0.001	0.005
FI → PEX → PCC → RA	0.008*	0.001	0.037	0.003	−0.001	0.013
FI → PEX → PCA → RA	0.001	−0.001	0.008	−0.001	−0.008	0.001
FI → PEX → PS → RA	−0.001	−0.010	0.001	0	−0.002	0.004
Total effect	0.137**	0.056	0.226	0.061**	0.012	0.117

^*p < 0.05;

^**p < 0.01.