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. 2018 May 29;9:1164. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01164

FIGURE 4.

FIGURE 4

The oral administration of LEM enhances type I IFN response. Mice were intranasally infected with 1,000 pfu of PR8, and then orally administered with 1 mg/ml LEM. At 3 and 7 days post infection, total RNAs were prepared from the dissected lungs (n = 2 for mock-infected group; n = 4 for infected group) and the level of TNF-α (A) and IFN-β mRNA (B) was examined by quantitative RT-PCR. The results are averages from three independent experiments with standard deviations, and the statistical significance was determined by Student’s t-test. The level of IFN-β in BALF (n = 2 for mock-infected group; n = 5 for infected group) was examined by ELISA (C). The pulmonary viral titers in infected mice from non-treated group (n = 5) and LEM-administrated group (n = 5) were examined by focus-forming assays at 7 days post infection (D). The statistical significance was determined by Student’s t-test.