Figure 2.

P62 Overexpression Combined with TNF-α Triggers Malignant Transformation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells In Vitro and In Vivo

(A) The schematic illustrates that human mesenchymal stem cells stably transfected with P62 overexpression or knockdown plasmids were transformed into cancer cells that were then treated with TNF-α or control, including groups of pCMV6-AC-GFP (GFP control), pCMV6-AC-GFP-P62 (GFP-P62), pGFP-V-RS (RNAi control), pGFP-V-RS–P62 (P62 RNAi), pCMV6-AC-GFP plus TNF-α, pCMV6-AC-GFP-P62 plus TNF-α, pGFP-V-RS plus TNF-α, and pGFP-V-RS–P62 plus TNF-α. (B) The western blotting analysis with anti-P62, anti-NF-κB, and anti-CLYD in these human mesenchymal stem cells indicated in upper. β-actin and GAPDH as internal control are shown. (C) Cells soft-agar colony formation assay. (D) Cells sphere-formation ability. (E) In vivo test in these human mesenchymal stem cells. The mice were stratified, and the tumors were recovered. (F) The wet weight of each tumor was determined for each mouse. Each value was presented as mean ± SEM (Student’s t test). **p < 0.01.