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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Int J Drug Policy. 2017 Dec 26;53:55–64. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.12.007

Table 1c.

Treatment and recovery support services.

Primary Problem Substance
OR/d CAN vs. ALC OR/d CAN vs. OTH
Cannabis (12.6%, n = 217) Alcohol (58.5%, n = 1013) Other Drugs (28.9%, n = 500)
Medication
Alcohol (lifetime), % 7.04 7.31 2.8 0.96 2.63
Alcohol (current), % 4.68 1.01 1.25 4.80 3.89
Opioid (lifetime), % 5.92 3.25 7.78 1.88 0.75
Opioid (current), % 2.95 2.28 3.03 1.30 0.97
Psychotropic (lifetime), % 38.78 28.94 39.33 1.56 0.98
Treatment and Recovery Support Services (Lifetime, unless otherwise specified)
Sober Living, % 3.63 6.82 1.51 0.52 0.21
Recovery High School, % 0.00 1.22 0.10
College Recovery Program, % 2.84 1.87 0.47 1.53 6.26
Recovery Community Center, % 3.08 4.94 9.79 0.61 0.29
Faith-Based Program, % 7.91 8.84 11.95 0.89 0.63
State or Local Recovery Community Organization, % 3.37 2.3 4.74 1.48 0.70
Outpatient Treatment, % 12.35 13.13 29.22 0.93 0.34*
Number of Outpatient Treatment Episodes 1.21 (0.12) 2.34 (0.30) 2.77 (0.44) −0.31* −0.58*
Detoxification, % 1.72 9.5 13.02 0.17 0.12
Number of Detox Episodes 1 (N/A) 2.66 (0.38) 4.67 (1.18)
Inpatient Treatment, % 4.95 13.61 27.21 0.33* 0.14*
Number of Inpatient Treatment Episodes 1.34 (0.19) 1.87 (0.14) 2.82 (0.28) −0.44 −0.78*
Mutual Help Organization Attendance (Lifetime), % 35.35 47.39 51.44 0.61 0.52
Any Past 3-Month MHO Attendance(among lifetime attendees), % 42.86 26.91 25.53 2.04 2.19
Any Past 3-Month MHO Attendance (full sample), % 15.15 12.70 13.12 1.23 1.18
Past 3-Month MHO Attendance, M(SE) 1.66 (0.42) 7.70 (1.74) 7.65 (2.21) −0.29* −0.49*
Marijuana Anonymous, % 2.66 0.62 1.12 4.39 2.41
Any Community-Based Service, % 15.18 17.23 26.6 0.86 0.49
Any Formal Treatment, % 18.14 25.7 41.62 0.64 0.31*
No Services, % 65.97 62.72 50.34 1.15 1.91
Criminal Justice Involvement
Ever Arrested, % 53.88 47.29 60.35 1.30 0.77
Number of Arrests (Lifetime), M(SE) 5.33 (2.06) 4.48 (0.61) 4.85 (0.74) 0.10 0.06
Number of Arrests Since Recovery, M(SE) 1.49 (0.30) 1.43 (0.12) 1.34 (0.09) 0.04 0.14
Drug Court, % 24.19 7.84 21.43 3.75* 1.17
*

p < 0.05.