Table 1.
Controlled studies using NPT as their analytic framework
| First author/first paper | Country of origin | Theory frame | Research problem | Evidence base cited to support intervention | Use of NPT specified in protocol | NPT study type | Data collected | Application of NPT to data | Factors leading to intervention success or failure | Differences between categories of participants | Differences between settings |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Ballinger et al. [19] | UK | NPT | Stroke rehabilitation | Systematic review [149] | – | Process evaluation | Qualitative | Retrospective | Yes | No | No |
| 2. Bamford et al. [20] | UK | NPT | New professional roles in dementia care | Systematic review [150] | Yes | Process evaluation | Qualitative | Prospective | Yes | Yes | No |
| 3. Blakeman et al. [21] | UK | NPT | Chronic kidney disease management (telephone support) | NICE guideline [151] | Yes | Process evaluation | Qualitative | Prospective | Yes | Yes | No |
| 4. Blickem et al. [22] | UK | NPT | Self-management support for long-term conditions (telephone support) | Yes | Process evaluation | Qualitative | Prospective | Yes | Yes | No | |
| 5. Brooks et al. [23] | UK | NPT | Care planning (mental health) | Systematic review [152] | Yes | Intervention design | Qualitative | Prospective | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| 6. Buckingham et al. [24] | UK | NPT | COPD management in primary care | Systematic review [153] | – | Feasibility study | Mixed | Prospective | Yes | Yes | N/A |
| 7. Clarke et al. [25, 26] | UK | NPT | Stroke rehabilitation | Systematic review [154] | Yes | Process evaluation | Qualitative | Prospective | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| 8. Coupe et al. [27] | UK | NPT | Collaborative care for depression | Yes | Process evaluation | Qualitative | Retrospective | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| 9. Finch et al. [28] | UK | NPT | Cognitive behavioural therapy | Systematic review [156] | Yes | Feasibility study | Qualitative | Prospective | Yes | Yes | N/A |
| 10. Furler et al. [29–31] | Australia | NPT | Diabetes management in primary care | Yes | Process evaluation | Qualitative | Prospective | Yes | Yes | No | |
| 11. Gabbay et al. [32] | UK | NPT | Debt counselling for depression in primary care | NICE guideline [178] | Yes | Process evaluation | Qualitative | Prospective | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| 12. Gask et al. [33] | UK | NPM | Collaborative care for depression | Systematic review [155] | Yes | Process evaluation | Qualitative | Retrospective | Yes | Yes | No |
| 13. Grant et al. [34, 35] | UK | NPT | Primary care prescribing | NICE guideline [157] | Yes | Process evaluation | Qualitative | Prospective | Yes | Yes | No |
| 14. Godfrey et al. [36] | UK | NPT | Delirium prevention in hospital | Systematic review [158] | Yes | Process evaluation | Qualitative | Prospective | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| 15. Hind et al. [37] | UK | NPT | Aquatic therapy for children with Duchenne muscular Dystrophy | Yes | Feasibility Study | Qualitative | Prospective | Yes | No | No | |
| 16. Hooker et al. [38–42] | Australia | NPT | Identifying women at risk of intimate partner violence | Yes | Process evaluation | Mixed | Prospective | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| 17. Kennedy et al. [43–46] | UK | NPT | Social network support in long-term conditions | Systematic review [159] | Yes | Process evaluation | Qualitative | Prospective | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| 18. Khowaja et al. [47] | India, Mozambique, Nigeria, Pakistan | NPT | Maternal health in low-income countries | WHO guideline [160] | – | Feasibility study | Mixed | Prospective | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| 19. Leon et al. [48] | South Africa | NPM | Testing and counselling for HIV in South Africa | Systematic reviews [161–163] | – | Process evaluation | Qualitative | Retrospective | Yes | Yes | No |
| 20. Mair et al. [49] | UK | NPM | Telemedicine for COPD | Systematic review [164] | – | Process evaluation | Qualitative | Retrospective | Yes | Yes | N/A |
| 21. Ong et al. [50–52] | UK | NPT | Osteoarthritis guidelines in primary care | NICE guideline [165] | – | Process evaluation | Qualitative | Prospective | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| 22. Ricketts [53] | UK | NPT | Chlamydia screening in primary care | – | Process evaluation | Qualitative | Retrospective | Yes | No | No | |
| 23. Speed et al. [54] | UK | NPM | Management of constipation in primary care | Yes | Process evaluation | Qualitative | Prospective | Yes | Yes | No | |
| 24. Sturgiss et al. [55] | Australia | NPT | Weight management programme in primary care | Yes | Feasibility study | Quantitative (survey) | Prospective | Yes | No | No | |
| 25. Thomas, L. et al. [56, 57] | UK | NPT | Stroke rehabilitation (incontinence) | RCP-ICSWP guideline [166] | Yes | Process evaluation | Qualitative | Prospective | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| 26. Willis [58] | Australia | NPT | Community support for women with postnatal depression | Yes | Historical review of documents | Textual analysis | Retrospective | Yes | N/A | N/A |
N/A not available