Table 1.
Coinfection cases of Malaria and Dengue
| S.No. | Citation | Place | Year | Study design | N | Positive for coinfection | Coinfection (%) | Age | Diagnostic test ML/DN | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| South Asia | ||||||||||
| 1 | Abbasi [17] | Karachi, Pakistan |
Sept.2007-Jan. 2008 | Cross sectional | 112 | 26 | 23 | 13–70 | Blood smear / IgM and IgG ELISA | P. vivax- 25, P. falciparum- 1 |
| 2 | Ahmad [18] | Uttarakhand, India | Dec 2012-Dec2013 | Retrospective observational studies | 233 | 9 | 3.8 | 38.6 ± 16 | Blood smear/ IgM ELISA | NM |
| 3 | Alam [19] | Patna, India |
2013 | Case report | 1 | 1 | NA | 42 | Blood smear /NS1, IgM and IgG ELISA | P. falciparum |
| 4 | Ali [20] | Rawalpindi, Pakistan |
Nov. 2003-Oct. 2004 | Cross sectional | 800 | 9 | 1 | 17–50 years | Blood smear /IgM ELISA | P. vivax-8, P. falciparum-1 |
| 5 | Arya [21] | Delhi, India |
2003 | Case report | 2 | 2 | NA | 35 and 63 years | Blood smear /IgM ELISA | P. vivax |
| 6 | Assir [22] | Lahore, Pakistan |
Aug- Nov 2012 | Cross sectional | 856 | 17 | 2 | 12–32 | Blood smear /PCR, NS1 and IgM ELISA | P. vivax - 14, P. falciparum-3 |
| 7 | Barua [23] | Mumbai, India |
June-Nov. 2014, June -Nov. 2015 | Retrospective analysis | 573 | 44 | 8 | NM | Blood smear / NS1 and IgM ELISA | NM |
| 8 | Bhagat [24] | Mumbai, India |
2014 | Case report | 3 | 3 | NA | 8 months −12 year | Blood smear, RDT/NS1, IgM and IgG ELISA | P. vivax |
| 9 | Bhalla [25] | Delhi, India |
2006 | Case report | 1 | 1 | NA | 21 | Blood smear /IgM ELISA | P. falciparum |
| 10 | Chander [26] | Chandigarh, India |
2009 | Case report | 1 | 1 | NA | 28 | Blood smear /IgM ELISA | P. falciparum |
| 11 | Deresinski [27] | USA, infected in India | 2003, Dec | Case report | 1 | 1 | NA | 27 | Blood smear/IgM and IgG ELISA | P. vivax |
| 12 | Faruque [28] | Chittagong, Bangladesh |
Dec. 2008-Nov. 2009 | Cross sectional | 720 | 1 | 0.1 | All ages | RDT/IgM ELISA | P. vivax |
| 13 | Hati [29] | Kolkata, India |
Aug 2005-Dec 2010 | Cross sectional | 2971 | 46 | 1.5 | NM | Blood smear /IgM and IgG ELISA | P. vivax-28, P. falciparum-18 |
| 14 | Kaushik [30] | Dehradun, India |
2006 | Case report | 1 | 1 | NA | 26 | Blood smear/ IgM and IgG ELISA | P. vivax + P. falciparum |
| 15 | Malhotra [31] | Patiala, India |
2012 | Case report | 1 | 1 | NA | 27 | Blood smear /NS1 and IgM ELISA | P. vivax |
| 16 | Mittal [32] | Dehradun, India | Dec 2012- Nov 2013 | Retrospective observational study | 2547 | 8 | 0.3 | Above 18 | Blood film, RDT/IgM, NS1 ELISA | NM |
| 17 | Mohapatra [33] | Odisha, India |
June-Sep 2011 | Prospective observational study | 469 | 27 | 6 | NM | Blood smear /IgM and NS1 ELISA | P. falciparum-24, P. vivax – 2, P. falciparum + P. vivax - 1 |
| 18 | Mørch [34] | Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra, Anantpur Tamilnadu India |
April 2011–November 2012 | Cross sectional | 1564 | 58 | 3.7 | 34 mean age | Blood smear/IgM, NS1 ELISA/ | NM |
| 19 | Mushtaq [35] | Srinagar, infected in Delhi, India |
Oct - 2012 | Case report | 1 | 1 | NA | 25 | Blood smear, RDT/ IgM ELISA | P. falciparum + P. vivax |
| 20 | Pande [36] | Meerut, India |
2013 | Case report | 1 | 1 | NA | 25 | Blood smear /NS1 and IgM ELISA | P. falciparum, P. vivax |
| 21 | Raja [37] | Chennai, India |
May 2013- Jan 2014 | Cross sectional | 100 | 3 | 3 | NM | Blood smear/ELISA | NM |
| 22 | Rani [38] | Hyderabad, India | 2015 | Case report | 1 | 1 | NA | 30s | Blood smear/IgM ELISA | NM |
| 23 | Rao [39] | Odisha (Angul), India | Jan-Dec 2013 | Cross sectional | 1980 | 22 | 1 | All ages | Blood smear, RDT/ IgM and NS1 ELISA, PCR | P. falciparum- 12, P. vivax- 10 |
| 24 | Singh [40] | Dehradun, India | July-Nov 2013 | Retrospective | 1141 | 9 | 0.8 | 12–80 | Blood smear/IgM, NS1 ELISA | NM |
| 25 | Saksena [41] | Delhi, India |
2017 | Case report | 1 | 1 | NA | 17 male | RMAT, PCR/IgM ELISA | P. vivax, P. falciparum |
| 26 | Singla [42] | Chandigarh, India | Jan 2011-Dec 2012 | Cross sectional | 300 | 1 | 0.3 | NM | NM/NS1 and IgM ELISA | P. vivax |
| 27 | Shah [43] | Ahmedabad, India | June 2013-Nov 2014 | Retrospective | 8364 | 27 | 0.3 | NM | Blood smear/NS1, IgM ELISA |
P. vivax + DENV-17, P. falciparum + DENV-9, P. falciparum + P. vivax + DENV-1 |
| 28 | Thangaratham [44] | Alappuzha, Kerala |
2006 | Case report | 1 | 1 | NM | 22 | Blood smear /IgM ELISA | P. vivax, DENV2 |
| 29 | Yasir [45] | Karachi, Pakistan |
April 2013-Jan 2014 | Cross sectional | 159 | 5 | 3 | 15–53 years | Blood smear /IgM ELISA | NM |
| Africa | ||||||||||
| 30 | Ayorinde [46] | Ogun, Nigeria | April-May 2014 | Cross sectional | 60 | 1 | 2 | All ages | Blood smear, RDT, PCR/NS1, IgM and IgG ELISA | P. falciparum |
| 31 | Baba [47] | Nigeria | July-Dec. 2008 | Cross sectional | 310 | 18 | 6 | All ages | Blood smear /PRNT | P. falciparum |
| 32 | Charrel [48] | France, infected in Guinea, Senegal and Sierra Leone | 2004, march | Case report | 1 | 1 | NA | 37 | Blood smear /IgM and IgG ELISA | P. falciparum, DENV3 |
| 33 | Chipwaza [49] | Morogoro, Tanzania | March–May and Aug-Oct. 2013 | Cross sectional | 364 | 31 | 9 | 2–13 | Blood smear /IgM and IgG ELISA, PCR | NM |
| 34 | Dariano [50] | Bo, Sierra Leone | 2012–2013 | Cross sectional | 1260 | 3 | 0.2 | All ages | RDTs/IgM, IgG, NS1 ELISA | NM |
| 35 | Kolawole [51] | Ilorin, Nigeria |
2016 | Cross sectional | 176 | 5 | 3 | All ages | RDT/IgM ELISA, PCR | DENV2, DENV3, DENV4 |
| 36 | Oyeoro [52] | Ibadan, Nigeria | Jan-April 2013 | Cross sectional | 188 | 19 | 10 | All ages | NM/IgG, IgM, NS1 ELISA | NM |
| 37 | Sow [53] | Kedougou, Senegal | July 2009–March 2013 | Cross sectional | 13,845 | 1 | 0.01 | All ages | Blood smear, RDT/ IgM ELISA, PCR | P. falciparum |
| 38 | Stolar [54] | Ghana | 2011–2014 | Retrospective analysis | 218 | 7 | 3 | 2–14 years | RDT/IgM and IgG, ELISA, PCR | P. falciparum |
| 39 | Vu [55] | Kenya | 2016 | Cross sectional | 579 | 33 | 6 | 1–17 years | Blood smear /PCR | NM |
| Caribbean | ||||||||||
| 40 | Serre [56] | Spain, Infected in Haiti |
2011 | Case report | 1 | 1 | NA | 27 | Blood smear, PCR/IgM, IgG and NS1 ELISA, PCR | P. falciparum, DENV4 |
| Southeast Asia | ||||||||||
| 41 | Che rahim [57] | Kelantan, Malaysia | 2017 | Case report | 1 | 1 | NA | 59 | Blood smear, PCR/NS1 ELISA | P. knowlesi |
| 42 | Chong [58] | Malaysia | 2017 | Case report | 1 | 1 | NA | 59 | Blood smear/NS1 and IgM ELISA | P. knowlesi |
| 43 | Issaranggoon [59] | Thailand | 2014 | Case report | 1 | 1 | NA | 11 | Blood smear/ NS1, IgM ELISA | P. falciparum |
| 44 | McGready [60] | Thai-Burmese border | Jan 2004-May 2006 | Cross sectional | 209 | 1 | 0.5 | Pregnant women | Blood smear/IgM ELISA, NS1 ELISA | P. falciparum, P. vivax |
| 45 | Mueller [61] | (Oun Kouma, Ou Chra, Snoul) Rural Cambodia |
Jan 2008- Dec 2010 | Prospective observational study | 1193 | 30 | 2.5 | 7–49 years | RDT/PCR | P. falciparum, P. vivax |
| 46 | Thaha [62] | Surabaya, Indonesia | Nov 2008 | Case report | 1 | 1 | NA | NM | Blood smear/IgM, IgG ELISA | NM |
| 47 | Ward [63] | East Timor | 2006 | Case report | 1 | 1 | NA | 7 | Blood smear /IgM ELISA | P. falciparum |
| 48 | Yong [64] | Riau Island Indonesia | 2012 | Case report | 1 | 1 | NA | 49 | Blood smear/IgM, NS1 ELISA | P. falciparum |
| South America | ||||||||||
| 49 | Carme [65] | French Guiana | July 2004-June 2005 | Retrospective analysis | 1723 | 17 | 1 | NM | Blood smear/PCR, IgM ELISA, virus isolation | P. vivax − 14, P. falciparum- 3, DENV3–5, DENV1–1, NM-11 |
| 50 | Epelboin [66] | French Guiana | 2004–2010 | Retrospective matched pair study | NM | 104 | NA | All ages | Blood smear/PCR, NS1, IgM, IgA ELISA | P. vivax – 80, P. falciparum – 21, P. vivax + P. falciparum – 3, DENV1–3, DENV2–2, DENV3–5, NM-94 |
| 51 | Lupi [67] | Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | Apr 2013 | Case report | 1 | 1 | NA | 52 | Blood smear, RDT, PCR/ IgM and NS1 ELISA, PCR | P. ovale wallikeri |
| 52 | Magalhaes [68] | Brazilian Amazon Manaus Brazil |
March 2009 to April 2010 | Retrospective study | 132 | 11 | 8 | Mean age, 42.7 yrs | Blood smear, PCR/NS1 ELISA, PCR | P. vivax DENV2, DENV3, DENV4 |
| 53 | Magalhaes [69] | Brazilian Amazon Manaus Brazil |
2009–2011 | Cross-sectional | 1578 | 44 | 3 | All ages | Blood smear, PCR/ NS1 ELISA, PCR | P. vivax |
| 54 | Mendonca [70] | Brazilian Amazon Manaus Brazil |
2009–2013 | Prospective observational study | All febrile patients | 30 | NA | 31.11 median age | Blood smear, PCR/ IgM and NS1 ELISA | P. vivax, DENV4–8, DENV3–1, DENV2–18, DENV1–3 |
| 55 | Santana [71] | Novo Repartimento (Pará), Brazil | May 2003 to August 2005 | Cross sectional | 111 | 2 | 2 | > 18 years | Blood smear/PCR | P. vivax, DENV2 |
N – sample size, ML/DN - Malaria/Dengue coinfection, ELISA - Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, NS1 - Dengue non-structural protein − 1, PCR - Polymerase Chain reaction, RDT - rapid diagnostic test, PRNT - Plaque reduction neutralisation test, RMAT - Rapaid malaria antigen test, NM - not mentioned, NA - not applicable