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. 2018 Jun 7;15:24. doi: 10.1186/s12983-018-0269-6

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© The Author(s). 2018

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 13 — Myoanatomy of the lophophoral base of selected ctenostomes showing the four different sets of muscle in this region. a Arachnidioidea, Nolella dilatata. Lateral view, maximum intensity projection. b Paludicelloidea, Paludicella articulata. Lateral view, volume rendering. c Victorelloidea, Victorella pavida. Lateral view, maximum intensity projection. d Alcyonidioidea, Alcyonidium gelatinosum. Slight oblique view, volume rendering. e Vesicularioidea, Amathia verticillata. Lateral view, volume rendering. f Walkerioidea, Mimosella verticillata. Slight oblique view, volume rendering. Abbreviations: al – abfrontal lophophoral base muscle, bd – buccal dilatator, fl – frontal lophophoral base muscle, mo – mouth opening, ph – pharynx, rm – retractor muscle, tm – tentacle muscles, vm – ‘v-shaped’ lophophoral base muscle