Table 2.
Methodological quality of studies on the impact of Ghana’s national health insurance scheme on OOPE(s) and financial catastrophe (1 = Yes; 0 = No)
| Study | Clear study aims | Adequate sample size(justification) | Representative sample(with justification) | Clear inclusion & exclusion criteria | Reliability & validity of measures justified | Adequate description of the data | Appropriate statistical analysis | Discussion of generalizability | a Total score (J.S.O, S.E) | a Quality based on total score (J.S.O) | a Quality based on total score (S.E) | b Quality based on outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chankova et al., 2008 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | Low | Low | Low |
| Nguyen et al., 2011 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 | High | High | High |
| Dalaba et al., 2014 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 5.5 | Low | Low | Low |
| Abrokwah et al., 2014 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0.5 | 5.5 | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate |
| Abuosi et al., 2015 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 6 | Moderate | Low | Low |
| Kusi et al., 2015 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 | High | High | High |
| Aryeetey et al., 2016 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 | High | High | High |
aThe total score is the average score for the quality items based on each author’s review. Scores less than 5 were considered low, 5–6 moderate, 7–8 high in quality
bBoth authors agreed on the quality assignments based on the outcomes reported on OOPE, CHE, or poverty reduction