Table 1.
Characteristics of participants taking and not taking histamine H1-receptor antagonists
| Participants taking H1-antihistamines | Participants not taking H1- antihistamines | |
|---|---|---|
| No. of participants | 332 | 3941 |
| No. of knees | 664 | 7881 |
| Age, yr | 59.84 (8.17) | 61.45 (9.23) |
| Sex | ||
| Female | 94 (28.3) | 1712 (43.4) |
| Male | 238 (71.7) | 2229 (56.6) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 29.18 (4.86) | 28.64 (4.79) |
| Race | ||
| Other non-white | 3 (0.9) | 64 (1.6) |
| White or Caucasian | 261 (78.6) | 3156 (80.1) |
| Black or African American | 64 (19.3) | 685 (17.4) |
| Asian | 4 (1.2) | 32 (0.8) |
| History of knee surgery | 73 (22.0) | 936 (23.8) |
| Family history of knee OA | 60 (18.1) | 611 (15.5) |
| PASE | 160.38 (82.74) | 161.68 (82.23) |
| Education | ||
| Less than high school graduate | 6 (1.8) | 136 (3.5) |
| High school graduate | 38 (11.4) | 489 (12.4) |
| Some college | 79 (23.8) | 939 (23.8) |
| College graduate | 63 (19.0) | 846 (21.5) |
| Some graduate school | 28 (8.4) | 319 (8.1) |
| Graduate degree | 116 (34.9) | 1183 (30.0) |
| Smoking history | ||
| Never | 180 (54.2) | 2056 (52.2) |
| Current | 19 (5.7) | 242 (6.1) |
| Former | 129 (38.9) | 1585 (40.2) |
| Current but never regular | 2 (0.6) | 6 (0.2) |
| WOMAC subscales | ||
| WOMAC pain, right knee | 2.93 (3.45) | 2.42 (3.12) |
| WOMAC pain, left knee | 2.70 (3.65) | 2.28 (3.33) |
| WOMAC function, right knee | 9.75 (11.28) | 7.75 (10.19) |
| WOMAC function, left knee | 9.92 (12.52) | 7.92 (11.02) |
| KL, knees (%) | ||
| 0 | 256 (38.6) | 2904 (36.8) |
| 1 | 138 (20.8) | 1386 (17.6) |
| 2 | 176 (26.5) | 2129 (27.0) |
| 3 | 71 (10.7) | 1135 (14.4) |
| 4 | 18 (2.7) | 272 (3.5) |
| Patients with knee OA, defined as KL ≥ 2 with JSN, or knee replacement (%) | 145 (43.67) | 1913 (48.54) |
| Unilateral, no. of patients (%) | 87 (26.2) | 974 (24.7) |
| Bilateral, no. of patients (%) | 58 (17.5) | 939 (23.8) |
| Patients with knee OA, defined as KL ≥ 2, or knee replacement (%) | 181 (54.52) | 2318 (58.84) |
| Unilateral, patients (%) | 92 (27.7) | 1044 (26.5) |
| Bilateral, patients (%) | 89 (26.8) | 1274 (32.3) |
| JSN, medial compartment, knees (%) | ||
| 0 | 441 (66.4) | 4985 (63.3) |
| 1 | 154 (23.2) | 1734 (22.0) |
| 2 | 58 (8.7) | 912 (11.6) |
| 3 | 6 (0.9) | 195 (2.5) |
| JSN, lateral compartment, knees (%) | ||
| 0 | 608 (91.6) | 7162 (90.9) |
| 1 | 26 (3.9) | 340 (4.3) |
| 2 | 13 (2.0) | 245 (3.1) |
| 3 | 12 (1.8) | 79 (1.0) |
| Knee replacement | 5 (0.8) | 53 (0.7) |
| H1-antihistamines | ||
| Second-generation | ||
| Fexofenadine | 177 (53.31) | – |
| Cetirizine | 85 (25.6) | – |
| Desloratadine | 39 (11.75) | – |
| Loratadine | 23 (6.93) | – |
| First-generation | ||
| Diphenhydramine | 7 (2.11) | – |
| Chlorpheniramine | 4 (1.2) | – |
| Promethazine | 5 (1.51) | – |
| Brompheniramine | 1 (0.3) | – |
| Cyproheptadine | 1 (0.3) | – |
| Dexbrompheniramine | 1 (0.3) | – |
| Phenyltoloxamine | 1 (0.3) | – |
| Pyrilamine | 1 (0.3) | – |
| Duration of H1-antihistamine use | ||
| 1–3 yr | 136 (40.96) | |
| 3–5 yr | 92 (27.71) | |
| More than 5 yr | 104 (31.33) | |
| Study endpoints | ||
| Radiographic knee OA, defined as KL ≥ 2 with JSN, or knee replacement, knees (%) | 203 (30.6) | 2852 (36.2) |
| Radiographic knee OA, defined as KL ≥ 2, or knee replacement, knees (%) | 270 (40.7) | 3592 (45.6) |
Abbreviations: OA Osteoarthritis, BMI Body mass index, KL Kellgren-Lawrence grade, PASE Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly, WOMAC Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, JSN Joint space narrowing (grades 0–3)
Data are presented as the mean (SD) or number (%). Possible ranges for WOMAC pain score are 0–20. Possible ranges for WOMAC function score are 0–68