Table 2.
Results of memory tests for three psychiatric patients with non-alcoholic Korsakoff syndrome.
| Test | Patient 1 | Patient 2 | Patient 3 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agea | 40 | 53 | 46 | |
| WORKING MEMORY | ||||
| Verbal | WAIS-IIIb | −0.67 (25) | −1.00 (10) | 1.33 (−35) |
| Visual | WAIS-IIIc | 0.67 (5) | −1.00 (10) | 1.00 (−30) |
| EPISODIC MEMORY | ||||
| Immediate recall | ||||
| Verbal | HVLT-Rd | 0.31 (10) | −1.75 (21.3) | −0.50 (−7.5) |
| WMS-IIIe | −2.00 (45) | −1.33 (15) | −0.33 (−10) | |
| Visual | BVMT-Rf | 0.10 (13.5) | −0.71 (5.7) | 1.48 (−37.2) |
| Delayed recall | ||||
| Verbal | HVLT-Rg | 0.38 (9.3) | −3.82 (52.3) | −1.54 (8.1) |
| WMS-IIIh | −1.00 (30) | −2.33 (30) | −0.67 (−5) | |
| Visual | BVMT-Ri | 0.31 (10.4) | −0.50 (2.6) | 1.41 (−36.2) |
| Verbal recognition | HVLT-Rj | −0.06 (14.1) | −3.38 (45.7) | −0.86 (−2.1) |
| WMS-IIIk | −2.00 (45) | −1.00 (10) | 1.00 (−30) | |
Values outside brackets are z-scores from the distribution of normative values. Values inside brackets are the difference between the memory test quotient and the general cognitive level quotient. Values of −1.5 or less (z-score), or 15 or more (quotient difference) are in bold.
Age (years) at the neuropsychological examination.
Wechsler Adult Intelligence ScaleIII, letter - number span subset.
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–III, visual span subset.
Hopkins Verbal Learning Test–Revised (HVLT-R), sum of the first three learning trials.
Wechsler Memory Scale-III (WMS-III) logical memory I.
Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised (BVMT-R), sum of the first three learning trials
HVLT-R, delayed free recall trial (trial 4).
WMS-III, logical memory II.
BVMT-R, delayed free recall trial (trial 4).
HVLT-R, recognition trial.
WMS-III, logical memory recognition score + 24 (presumed perfect Verbal Paired Associates recognition). According to Lezak, Howieson, Bigler, and Tranel, Neuropsychological assessment, 5th edition (2012), page 527.