Table 2.
Penn-FPS-R items based on participant interviews
| Items | Amendment | New Penn Facial Pain Scale-Revised* | Item order |
|---|---|---|---|
| Penn Facial Pain Scale* | |||
| Eating a meal | Remain unchanged. Identified in concept elicitation as eating | Eating a meal | 4 |
| Touching your face (including grooming) | Remain and edited. Identified in concept elicitation as touching and self-care. Separated into touching face and self-care items separately | Touching your face (including moving stray hairs, hugging, kissing, itching) | 6 |
| Brushing or flossing your teeth | Remain unchanged. Identified in concept elicitation under self-care | Brushing or flossing your teeth | 8 |
| Smiling or laughing | Remain unchanged. Not identified in concept elicitation, supported in cognitive debrief | Smiling or laughing | 9 |
| Talking | Remain unchanged. Identified in concept elicitation as talking | Talking | 10 |
| Opening your mouth widely | Remain unchanged. Not identified in concept elicitation, supported in cognitive debrief | Opening your mouth widely | 11 |
| Eating hard foods like apples | Removed. Participants highlighted that biting or chewing was more relevant | Removed | N/A |
| New item | New item. Based on participants’ feedback to eating hard foods question | Biting or chewing | 5 |
| New item | New item. Based on concept elicitation the item touching face (including grooming) has been separated into self-care and touching face to better reflect concept elicitation | Self-care (including washing face or hair, shaving, applying makeup) | 7 |
| New item | New item based on concept elicitation outside/weather | Activities with temperature change (moving outside, between air-conditioned rooms) | 12 |
| BPI-PII** | |||
| General activity | Clearly identified in concept elicitation as daily activities Amended to reflect this more specific wording | Daily activities (for example, work, exercise, and housework) | 1 |
| Mood | Clearly identified in concept elicitation Amended to add clarity |
Mood (the way you are feeling) | 2 |
| Relations with other people | Clearly identified in concept elicitation Amended to add clarity using participants’ own examples |
Relationships (for example, friends, family, partners, etc.) | 3 |
| Walking ability | Removed, not clearly identified in concept elicitation nor supported during cognitive debrief | Removed | N/A |
| Normal work (includes both inside and outside the home and housework) | Removed, not clearly identified in concept elicitation nor supported during cognitive debrief | Removed | N/A |
| Sleep | Removed, not clearly identified in concept elicitation nor supported during cognitive debrief | Removed | N/A |
| Enjoyment of life | Removed, not clearly identified in concept elicitation nor supported during cognitive debrief | Removed | N/A |
Notes:
*
The content of the Penn Facial Pain Scale and the Penn Facial Pain Scale-Revised is included here with permission of John YK Lee. Copyright © John YK Lee.
**
BPI copyright held by Charles S Cleeland, 1991. The items in column 1 under BPI-PII have been replicated to show how the PENN-FPS has been decoupled from the BPI with permission of Charles S Cleeland. The items are replicated from: Cleeland CS, Ryan KM. Pain assessment: global use of the Brief Pain Inventory. Ann Acad Med Singapore. 1994;23(2):129–138.19
Abbreviations: BPI-PII, Brief Pain Inventory Pain Interference Index; N/A, not applicable.