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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Jun 8.
Published in final edited form as: Panminerva Med. 2017 Jan 13;59(2):188–196. doi: 10.23736/S0031-0808.17.03299-2

Table 2.

Selected studies of incremental hemodialysis, residual kidney function, and mortality.

RESIDUAL KIDNEY FUNCTION
Author (Year) Study Population Treatment Frequency Findings
Lin et al. (1999)6 74 prevalent HD patients
(Taiwan)		 Twice- vs. thrice-weekly

  • Twice-week0y HD associated with better preservation of RKF (defined by creatinine clearance and urine output).
Zhang et al. (2014)11 85 incident HD patients
(Shanghai)		 Twice- vs. thrice-weekly

  • Twice-weekly HD associated with better preservation of RKF (defined by urine volume).
Obi et al. (2016)9 8419 incident HD patients
(United States)		 Twice- vs. thrice-weekly (matched)

  • Twice-weekly HD associated with better preservation of RKF (defined by renal urea clearance and urine volume).
MORTALITY
Author (Year) Study Population Treatment Frequency Findings
Hanson et al. (1999)2 15,067 incident and prevalent HD
(United States)		 Twice-weekly vs. thrice-weekly

  • Incident patients: Twice-weekly treatment similar mortality risk vs. thrice-weekly treatment.

  • Prevalent patients: Twice-weekly therapy lower mortality risk.
Lin et al. (2012)5 1288 incident and prevalent HD patients
(Shanghai)		 Twice-weekly vs. thrice-weekly

  • Overall cohort: Twice-weekly treatment similar mortality risk vs. thrice-weekly treatment (adjusted).

  • Incident patients: Twice-weekly treatment longer survival time (unadjusted).

  • Prevalent (vintage>5 years) patients: Twice-weekly treatment longer survival time (unadjusted).
Obi et al. (2016)9 8419 incident HD patients
(United States)		 Twice- vs. thrice-weekly (matched cohort)

  • Twice-weekly HD similar mortality risk vs. thrice-weekly treatment.

  • In analyses stratified by baseline urea clearance, patients with <3ml/min/1.73m2 had higher mortality risk whereas patients with ≤3ml/min/1.73m2 did not.
Mathew et al. (2016)7 50,756 incident HD patients
(United States)		 Incremental (≤2 times-per-week) vs. conventional (3 times-per-week) vs. frequent (≥4 times-per-week) (matched cohort)

  • Incremental vs. conventional hemodialysis with similar mortality risk.

  • Frequent hemodialysis with 56% higher mortality risk vs. conventional hemodialysis.

Abbreviations: HD, hemodialysis; RKF, residual kidney function.