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. 2018 Apr 10;38:10. doi: 10.1186/s40880-018-0282-3

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 3 — Cancer mortality among females in Serbia during 1991–2015, by age-period-cohort analysis. a Longitudinal age curve of cancer mortality rates (per 100,000 people) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (pink area). Expected age-specific rates in reference cohort c0 adjusted for period effects: the risk of cancer increased with age in females. b Local drift value for cancer mortality rates: age group-specific annual percent change (%) in the cancer mortality rates and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (grey area). Annual percentage change of the expected age-specific rates over time: local drifts were statistically significant (p < 0.05) whereas net drift was not (p = 0.064). c Period effects on cancer mortality rates: obtained from age-period-cohort analyses for cancer mortality rates and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (blue area). Period rate ratios (RRs) are illustrated for cancer mortality relative to the 2003 reference year. The horizontal line indicates RR of 1 (no difference between a selected period and the reference year). Ratio of age-specific rates in each period relative to reference period p0: period effect was statistically significant for females (p = 0.006). d Cohort effects on cancer mortality rates: obtained from age-period-cohort analyses for the cancer mortality rates and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (green area). Cohort rate ratios (RRs) are illustrated for cancer mortality relative to the 1961 reference birth cohort. The horizontal line indicates RR of 1 (no difference between a selected birth cohort and the reference cohort). Ratio of age-specific rates in each cohort relative to reference cohort c0: cohort effect was statistically significant for females (p < 0.05)