Table 3.
Prenatal blood lead |
Prenatal blood cadmium |
Prenatal blood mercury |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p | ||
Balance | Heel to toe: ref 15 steps (vs 1–14) | ||||||
Unadjusted | 1.08 (0.81, 1.43) | 0.610 | 0.84 (0.69, 1.02) | 0.081 | 1.14 (0.94, 1.40) | 0.190 | |
Model 1a | 0.99 (0.74, 1.33) | 0.933 | 0.86 (0.69, 1.07) | 0.169 | 1.05 (0.85, 1.29) | 0.663 | |
Model 2b | 0.98 (0.73, 1.33) | 0.929 | 0.87 (0.70, 1.08) | 0.201 | 1.06 (0.86, 1.31) | 0.580 | |
Ball skills | Beanbag: ref 7–10 throws (vs 1–3) | ||||||
Unadjusted | 0.86 (0.58, 1.23) | 0.442 | 1.05 (0.79, 1.40) | 0.751 | 1.12 (0.83, 1.50) | 0.441 | |
Model 1a | 0.88 (0.58, 1.32) | 0.540 | 1.04 (0.76, 1.42) | 0.805 | 1.15 (0.85, 1.56) | 0.352 | |
Model 2b | 0.88 (0.58, 1.33) | 0.539 | 1.05 (0.77, 1.43) | 0.778 | 1.16 (0.86, 1.57) | 0.341 | |
Manual dexterity | Threading lace: ref 9–21 s (vs 22–105) | ||||||
Unadjusted | 1.06 (0.80, 1.41) | 0.676 | 0.88 (0.72, 1.07) | 0.195 | 0.87 (0.72, 1.07) | 0.181 | |
Model 1a | 1.12 (0.83, 1.50) | 0.468 | 0.85 (0.68, 1.05) | 0.129 | 0.89 (0.72, 1.10) | 0.293 | |
Model 2b | 1.12 (0.83, 1.50) | 0.470 | 0.84 (0.68, 1.04) | 0.113 | 0.89 (0.72, 1.10) | 0.290 | |
Peg board | |||||||
Preferred hand: ref 15–22 s (vs 23–46) | |||||||
Unadjusted | 1.14 (0.86, 1.52) | 0.371 | 0.99 (0.81, 1.21) | 0.904 | 0.94 (0.77, 1.15) | 0.519 | |
Model 1a | 1.19 (0.88, 1.60) | 0.256 | 0.95 (0.76, 1.18) | 0.625 | 0.97 (0.78, 1.20) | 0.756 | |
Model 2b | 1.18 (0.88, 1.60) | 0.266 | 0.94 (0.76, 1.17) | 0.600 | 0.96 (0.78, 1.19) | 0.709 | |
Non-preferred hand: ref 15–25 s (vs 25–62) | |||||||
Unadjusted | 1.06 (0.80, 1.41) | 0.678 | 0.95 (0.78, 1.16) | 0.595 | 0.82 (0.67, 1.00) | 0.053 | |
Model 1a | 1.14 (0.85, 1.54) | 0.372 | 0.91 (0.74, 1.13) | 0.403 | 0.85 (0.69, 1.05) | 0.122 | |
Model 2b | 1.13 (0.84, 1.52) | 0.406 | 0.92 (0.74, 1.14) | 0.428 | 0.84 (0.68, 1.04) | 0.114 |
Reference categories: lead < 5.00 µg/dl, cadmium < 0.25 µg/l, mercury < 2.00 µg/l.
Participants with poor attention to task excluded.
Model 1 adjusted for: sex, maternal education, smoking in pregnancy, alcohol in pregnancy, maternal age and parity.
Model 2 adjusted for: sex, maternal education, smoking in pregnancy, alcohol in pregnancy, maternal age, parity and gestational age at prenatal blood sampling.