Table 1. Clinical risk factors for developing epilepsy after TBI, CVA and infection.

Data are from Englander et al.³²¹, Annegers et al.³²², Graham et al.³²³, Annegers et al.³²⁴, and Haapaniemi et al.³²⁵

	Risk Factor		% Epilepsy Risk
PTE	Early post-traumatic seizures		26
	Glasgow coma scale (GCS)	3-8	17
	Glasgow coma scale	9-12	24
	Glasgow coma scale	13-15	8
	Mid-line shift 1-5 mm		15-18
	Mid-Line shift > 5 mm		26
	Contusion, Cortical	multiple	25
	Contusion, Cortical	single	8
	Contusion, Subcortical	single	16
	Contusion, Subcortical	multiple	33
	Contusions, Frontal	unilateral	20
		bilateral	26
	Contusion, Temporal	unilateral	16
		bilateral	31
	Contusion, Parietal	unilateral	19
		bilateral	66
	Subdural hematoma (SDH)		15
	SDH requiring surgery		28-44
	SDH + contusions		35
	Surgery, single		14
	Multiple		37
	Fragment penetration,	bone	0
		metal	25
		bone & metal	63
	Depressed skull fracture		27
CVA	Total Anterior Circulation		29
	Early seizures (after ICH)		27
	Intracranial haemorrhage (ICH)		18
	Cortical location		19-25
	Partial anterior circulation		13
	Age < 65 years		16
	GCS < 8		28
	9-12		25
	13-15		11
	Barthel Index severe		13
	mild		8
	Subarachnoid hemorrhage		22
Infection	Bacterial meningitis,	with early seizure	13
		without early seizure	2
	Viral encephalitis,	with early seizure	22
		without early seizure	10