TABLE 1—
Summary Statistics for 60 Included Prospective–Longitudinal Studies of Risk and Protective Factors for Intimate Partner Violence Against Women
| Characteristic | No. Studies (%) |
| Year of publication | |
| 1986–1999 | 8 (13.3) |
| 2000–2010 | 31 (51.7) |
| 2011–June 2016 | 21 (35.0) |
| Country | |
| Canada | 1 (1.7) |
| India | 3 (5.0) |
| New Zealand | 4 (6.7) |
| South Africa | 1 (1.7) |
| South Korea | 1 (1.7) |
| Uganda | 1 (1.7) |
| United Kingdom | 1 (1.7) |
| United States | 48 (80.0) |
| Developmental stage at baseline | |
| Birth | 3 (5.0) |
| Childhood (0–9 y) | 4 (6.7) |
| Adolescence (10–19 y) | 19 (31.7) |
| Adulthood (> 19 y) | 34 (56.7) |
| Demographic area | |
| Urban | 26 (43.3) |
| Rural | 4 (6.7) |
| Both | 30 (50.0) |
| Relationship status at baseline | |
| Currently partnered | 20 (33.3) |
| Currently cohabitated or married | 14 (23.3) |
| Currently married | 13 (21.7) |
| Ever partnered | 8 (13.3) |
| Undefined | 5 (8.3) |
| Analytical method | |
| Generalized estimating equation | 4 (6.7) |
| Multilevel analysis | 4 (6.7) |
| Path analysis/structural equation model | 6 (10.0) |
| Linear regression | 9 (15.0) |
| Binary logistic regression | 22 (36.7) |
| Multinomial logistic regression | 7 (11.7) |
| Ordered regression | 1 (1.7) |
| Poisson regression | 1 (1.7) |
| Probit regression | 1 (1.7) |
| Proportional hazards regression | 1 (1.7) |
| Other | 4 (6.7) |
| Analysis of change | |
| Yes: total | 32 (53.3) |
| Yes: controlled for baseline IPV | 23 (71.9) |
| Yes: analyzed within subject variation (e.g., change scores) | 9 (28.1) |
| No | 28 (46.7) |
| Outcome type | |
| Physical only | 29 (48.3) |
| Sexual only | 1 (1.7) |
| Psychological only | 0 (0.0) |
| Physical or sexual | 13 (21.7) |
| Physical or psychological | 10 (16.7) |
| Physical, sexual, or psychological | 7 (11.7) |
| Outcome reporter | |
| Self-report | 40 (66.7) |
| Couple report | 17 (28.3) |
| Self-report and observation | 1 (1.7) |
| Couple report and observation | 2 (3.3) |
| Outcome measure | |
| Conflict Tactics Scale | 30 (50.0) |
| Inventory of specific behaviors (e.g., pushed or shoved) | 22 (36.7) |
| Other scale (e.g., Severity of Violence Against Women Scale) | 4 (6.7) |
| General items (e.g., experience of “violence” or “assault”) | 4 (6.7) |
Notes. IPV = intimate partner violence. The mean sample size was 3126.2 (SD = 5705.1; median = 634; range = 118–34 653); where relevant, couples are counted as a single unit. The mean length of follow-up was 9.3 years (SD = 8.8; median = 7.0; range = 0.2–40.0). The mean number of time points was 5.7 (SD = 7.9; median = 3.0; range = 2.0–56.0).