. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Jun 8.

Published in final edited form as: Du Bois Rev. 2011 Apr 15;8(1):95–113. doi: 10.1017/S1742058X11000087

Table 5.

Estimated Effects of Stress on Health Outcomes in Single Predictor, Multivariate, Cumulative, and Multivariate-Cumulative: Poisson Regression with Incident Rate Ratios^a

Stressors	Functional Limitation				Chronic Illness

	1a^b	2a^c	3a^d	4a^e	1b^b	2b^c	3b^d	4b^e

	IRR (CI)	IRR (CI)	IRR (CI)	IRR (CI)	IRR (CI)	IRR (CI)	IRR (CI)	IRR (CI)
Early life	1.26^**	1.11⁺		1.14	1.18^*	1.07		1.07
Early life	(1.12–1.42)	(0.99–1.25)		(0.97–1.35)	(1.03–1.34)	(0.93–1.22)		(0.90–1.27)
Acute life events	1.52^**	1.20^**		1.24^*	1.50^**	1.26^**		1.27^**
Acute life events	(1.34–1.71)	(1.06–1.36)		(1.03–1.50)	(1.33–1.69)	(1.11–1.43)		(1.07–1.51)
Financial	1.55^**	1.26^**		1.31^*	1.56^**	1.34^**		1.34^**
Financial	(1.35–1.80)	(1.09–1.46)		(1.06–1.62)	(1.36–1.80)	(1.15–1.55)		(1.11–1.63)
Relationship	1.57^**	1.42^**		1.47^**	1.44^**	1.29^**		1.28^*
Relationship	(1.38–1.79)	(1.23–1.64)		(1.17–1.84)	(1.26–1.64)	(1.11–1.49)		(1.01–1.63)
Life discrimination	1.42^**	1.12		1.17	1.33^**	1.09		1.10
Life discrimination	(1.21–1.67)	(0.95–1.32)		(0.95–1.43)	(1.13–1.55)	(0.93–1.28)		(0.90–1.36)
Job discrimination	1.24^*	1.06		1.08	1.04	0.93		0.92
Job discrimination	(1.00–1.54)	(0.85–1.32)		(0.82–1.41)	(0.87–1.24)	(0.77–1.11)		(0.73–1.15)
Neighborhood	1.43^**	1.24^**		1.28^*	1.27^**	1.11		1.12
Neighborhood	(1.24–1.66)	(1.07–1.43)		(1.05–1.56)	(1.09–1.47)	(0.96–1.29)		(0.91–1.38)
Employment	1.26^*	1.18		1.21	1.06	1.02		1.02
Employment	(1.03–1.54)	(0.96–1.45)		(0.96–1.54)	(0.89–1.27)	(0.86–1.22)		(0.83–1.26)
Number of Stressors
0 (Ref)			—	—			—	—
1			1.27^**	—			1.18^*	—
1			(1.08–1.50)				(1.01–1.38)
2			1.56^**	0.97			1.42^**	1.02
2			(1.32–1.85)	(0.73–1.28)			(1.20–1.68)	(0.78–1.34)
3			1.75^**	0.88			1.69^**	1.04
3			(1.45–2.12)	(0.58–1.32)			(1.40–2.03)	(0.70–1.54)
4			2.04^**	0.82			1.69^**	0.88
4			(1.66–2.51)	(0.48–1.41)			(1.35–2.10)	(0.51–1.51)
5+			3.04^**	0.92			2.35^**	1.06
5+			(2.43–3.80)	(0.43–1.97)			(1.88–2.95)	(0.50–2.22)

^**

p < 0.01,

p < 0.05,

⁺

p < 0.10

All models control for age, gender, race, educational status, language of interview, and income.

Separate models for each stressor.

Single model including all 8 stressors simultaneously.

Single model with 5 indicator variables for number of stressors.

Single model including all 8 types of stressors plus indicator variables for number of stressors.