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Bias associated with point extraction from continuous rasters. Results of one-sample t-tests addressing the significance of bias associated with raster cell extraction. Point extraction is not recommended for non-smooth surfaces (ρ = 0.05) because it yielded significantly biased effect size estimates.
| ρ | t-statistic | p-value | Mean bias | Lower 95% CI | Upper 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.05 | 9.6234 | 0.0000 | 0.0289 | 0.0230 | 0.0348 |
| 0.50 | 0.6381 | 0.5239 | 0.0019 | -0.0040 | 0.0078 |
| 0.95 | 1.3989 | 0.1629 | 0.0042 | -0.0017 | 0.0101 |
