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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Jun 8.

Published in final edited form as: Spat Demogr. 2015 Jun 23;4(2):135–153. doi: 10.1007/s40980-015-0013-1

Table 3.

Overview of general guidelines for neighborhood definitions for studies linking DHS GPS data to ancillary raster data.

Raster Type	Considerations		Recommendations
Raster Type	Surface Characteristics	Covariate Spatial Scale	Recommendations
Continuous	ρ ≤ 0.05	Point-level	Not recommended
	ρ > 0.05		Unbiased
	ρ ≤ 0.05	Neighborhood-level:	Not recommended^†
	ρ > 0.05	Urban: 2 km, Rural: 5 km	Urban: 1-5 km, Rural: 1-10 km

Categorical	Misclassification Rate ≥ 20%	Point-level	Not recommended
	Misclassification Rate < 20%		Not recommended
	Misclassification Rate ≥ 20%	Neighborhood-level:	Not recommended^†
	Misclassification Rate < 20%	Urban: 2 km, Rural: 5 km	Urban: 1-5 km, Rural: 5-10 km

^†

require smoother surface and/or change in scale