Table 2.
Baseline patient, facility, and disease characteristics affecting overall survival (N = 6,274)
| Univariable hazard | P-value testing | Multivariable† | P-value testing | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ratio [95% CI] | HR = 1 | hazard ratio [95% CI] | HR = 1 | |
| Age | 1.02 [1.01–1.02] | <0.001 | 1.01 [1.01, 1.02] | <0.001 |
| Gender | ||||
| Female | Ref | Ref | ||
| Male | 1.12 [1.02, 1.23] | 0.02 | 1.10 [1.00, 1.22] | 0.05 |
| Hispanic | ||||
| No | Ref | Ref | ||
| Yes | 0.89 [0.68, 1.15] | 0.35 | 0.88 [0.68, 1.15] | 0.36 |
| Race | ||||
| White | Ref | Ref | ||
| Black | 1.05[0.90, 1.23] | 0.51 | 1.06 [0.90, 1.26] | 0.48 |
| Asian | 1.17 [0.86, 1.58] | 0.32 | 1.26 [0.92, 1.72] | 0.14 |
| Other | 0.81[0.45, 1.43] | 0.46 | 0.94 [0.53, 1.68] | 0.83 |
| Insurance | ||||
| Uninsured | Ref | Ref | ||
| Private | 0.61 [0.49, 0.75] | <0.001 | 0.62 [0.50, 0.77] | <0.001 |
| Government | 0.80 [0.64, 0.99] | 0.04 | 0.73 [0.58, 0.91] | 0.005 |
| % without HS education | ||||
| >21% | Ref | Ref | ||
| 13–20.9% | 0.87 [0.78, 0.97] | 0.01 | 0.86 [0.77, 0.97] | 0.02 |
| 7–12.9% | 0.81 [0.73, 0.90] | <0.001 | 0.83 [0.73, 0.94] | 0.004 |
| <7% | 0.78 [0.70, 0.87] | <0.001 | 0.82 [0.70, 0.95] | 0.008 |
| Median Income | ||||
| <$30000 | Ref | Ref | ||
| $30000–$35999 | 0.92 [0.83, 1.03] | 0.14 | 1.00 [0.90, 1.13] | 0.94 |
| $36000–$45999 | 0.90 [0.81, 1.00] | 0.05 | 1.02 [0.90, 1.15] | 0.75 |
| >$46000 | 0.84 [0.76, 0.93] | <0.001 | 0.99 [0.86, 1.13] | 0.83 |
| Deyo/Charlson Comorbidity Score | ||||
| 0 | Ref | Ref | ||
| 1 | 1.20 [1.11, 1.30] | <0.001 | 1.18 [1.08, 1.27] | <0.001 |
| ≥2 | 1.24 [1.05, 1.45] | 0.010 | 1.21 [1.03, 1.43] | 0.02 |
| Histology | ||||
| SCC | Ref | 0.20 | Ref | 0.15 |
| Adeno | 1.06 [0.97, 1.16] | 0.93 [0.84, 1.03] | ||
| Stage | ||||
| 1 | Ref | Ref | ||
| 2 | 1.30 [1.18, 1.44] | <0.001 | 1.30 [1.18, 1.45] | <0.001 |
| 3 | 1.66 [1.50, 1.83] | <0.001 | 1.71 [1.54, 1.89] | <0.001 |
| Grade | ||||
| Well differentiated | Ref | Ref | ||
| Moderately differentiated | 1.27 [1.07, 1.50] | 0.007 | 1.21 [1.02, 1.44] | 0.03 |
| Poorly differentiated | 1.49 [1.26, 1.77] | <0.001 | 1.43 [1.20, 1.70] | <0.001 |
| Undifferentiated | 1.25 [0.91, 1.72] | 0.15 | 1.24 [0.90, 1.70] | 0.18 |
| Distance to facility (miles) | ||||
| <12.5 | Ref | Ref | ||
| 12.5–50 | 1.04 [0.97, 1.12] | 0.29 | 1.02 [0.94, 1.10] | 0.67 |
| ≥50 | 0.96 [0.88, 1.05] | 0.36 | 0.93 [0.83, 1.04] | 0.19 |
| Facility type | ||||
| Community Cancer Program | Ref | Ref | ||
| Comprehensive Comm Cancer | 0.93 [0.80, 1.07] | 0.29 | 0.94 [0.82, 1.08] | 0.38 |
| Academic/Research Program | 0.81 [0.70, 0.93] | 0.004 | 0.83 [0.73, 0.96] | 0.01 |
| Other | 0.89 [0.72, 1.09] | 0.2478 | 0.92 [0.77, 1.10] | 0.34 |
| Facility location | ||||
| Central | Ref | Ref | ||
| Northeast | 1.04 [0.95, 1.14] | 0.35 | 1.05 [0.96, 1.16] | 0.27 |
| South | 1.18 [1.08, 1.29] | <0.001 | 1.14 [1.04, 1.25] | 0.008 |
| West | 0.99 [0.88, 1.12] | 0.92 | 0.94 [0.83, 1.07] | 0.35 |
| Facility setting | ||||
| Urban | Ref | Ref | ||
| Rural | 0.99 [0.80, 1.21] | 0.88 | 1.01 [0.82, 1.25] | 0.90 |
| Metro | 0.89 [0.73, 1.08] | 0.23 | 0.93 [0.75, 1.15] | 0.49 |
| Year of diagnosis | ||||
| 2004 | Ref | Ref | ||
| 2005 | 1.01 [0.87, 1.17] | 0.89 | 1.05 [0.91, 1.22] | 0.52 |
| 2006 | 0.89 [0.76, 1.03] | 0.10 | 0.86 [0.74, 1.00] | 0.05 |
| 2007 | 0.95 [0.82, 1.11] | 0.53 | 0.91 [0.79, 1.06] | 0.23 |
| 2008 | 0.93 [0.80, 1.07] | 0.29 | 0.92 [0.79, 1.06] | 0.23 |
| 2009 | 0.94 [0.81, 1.09] | 0.39 | 0.93 [0.80, 1.07] | 0.30 |
| 2010 | 0.98 [0.84, 1.13] | 0.75 | 0.97 [0.83, 1.12] | 0.65 |
| 2011 | 0.95 [0.82, 1.10] | 0.52 | 0.95 [0.82, 1.10] | 0.53 |
| 2012 | 0.90 [0.77, 1.05] | 0.18 | 0.90 [0.77, 1.05] | 0.18 |
P-value < 0.05 bolded.
†
Multivariable HR was estimated from the full Cox proportional hazards model including all covariates presented in this table.
CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio.