Fig. 3.

Device performance of CsPbI₃-based solar cells. a J–V curves of the devices using CsPbI₃ as the absorber layer, while the CsPbI₃ without and with solvent-controlled growth (SCG), the SCG time is 50 min. b The device performance under forward scan (0 to 1.2 V) and reverse scan (1.2 to 0 V) for the best performance device. c External quantum efficiency (EQE) spectrum of a CsPbI₃ solar cell (black) and the integrated short-circuit current density (red). d Device performance distribution for 80 devices, the curve represents the Gaussian function of the histogram