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. 2018 Jun 8;8:8761. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-27123-8

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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ROS production and antioxidant activity of plasma-treated SCs. Chicken SCs were exposed to 22.0 kV of non-thermal plasma for 120 s. (A) Imaging of SCs stained with DCFDA/MitoSOX Red/DAPI. Intracellular ROS production was detected by DCFDA staining and mitochondrial superoxide was detected by MitoSOX Red staining. DCFDA: green fluorescence; MitoSOX Red: red fluorescence; DAPI: blue fluorescence. Scale bar: 50 μm. (B) Relative fluorescence intensity for DCFDA staining. (C) Relative fluorescence intensity for MitoSOX Red staining. (D) Total ROS levels in SCs. (E) MDA level in SCs. Activities of (F) SOD, (G) CAT, and (H) GPx in SCs. Relative mRNA levels of (I) NOX4, NRF2, and KEAP1, and (J) SOD, CAT, GPx, and PRDX4. Data are represented as the mean ± SD (n = 3 per group). *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01, according to one-way ANOVA and LSD test.