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. 2018 Jun 8;8:8768. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-27112-x

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Automated arteries and veins classification of the wide field fundus image shown in Fig. 1b2. (a) The green channel of the fundus image in Fig. 1b2. Same image as Fig. 1d2 with brightness increased for better visualization. (b) Segmented blood vessel map using the green channel. (c) Optical density ratio map of red and green channels. (d) Arteries (red) and veins (cyan) classified by automated algorithm. (e) Average artery and vein diameters. (f) Average artery and vein tortuosity.