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. 2018 Jun 8;8:8768. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-27112-x

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Experimental setup. (a) Schematic diagram of the system showing the illumination light path, imaging light path, and fixation target placed behind the viewfinder. OL: ophthalmic lens; L1-L6: lenses; A1: circle aperture; A2: annular aperture. (b) Picture showing fundus image was being taken using our prototype system. (c) Spectrum of the LED used for illumination. (d) Schematic diagram showing the light path of the fixation target. Inset shows when capturing the fundus image, the reflex mirror temporarily flips up and the light from the eye reaches the CMOS sensor.