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. 2018 Jun 8;8:8783. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-27074-0

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Alpha and beta diversity indices of the skin microbiome from control and patient groups. (A) A boxplot of the number of observed OTUs. (B) Boxplot based on Shannon diversity index. (C) Principal coordinate analysis of unweighted UniFrac, representing the distance between the skin bacterial communities from the control and patient groups. (D) Unweighted UniFrac distance boxplots showing differences between the control and patient groups and within patients longitudinally. For all the boxplots, the centerlines indicate the median, with the lower and upper edges of each box representing the first and third quartiles, respectively. The outliers are displayed as dots. Patient groups are named for the initial visit (IV), middle-treatment stage (M), late-treatment stage (L) and post-treatment (PT); and they are non-lesional (NL) and lesional (L). The P values were calculated by Wilcoxon rank sum test (*p < 0.05 **p < 0.01 and *** p < 0.0001), and adjusted by Bonferroni correction.